Invasive neurosurgical procedures have been tested and are under study for sufferers who do not respond to medication treatment.
Endovascular neurosurgical procedures include:
Thrombolytic therapy. This procedure uses 'clot-busting' medication to dissolve a clot in a blood vessel in the brain or elsewhere in the body.
Endoscopic neurosurgical procedures are used when possible. In some cases, the tumor or some portion of it cannot be removed with an acceptable level of risk because of its size or location.
Surgeries including nerve blocks, ablative neurosurgical procedures and radiosurgery have helped some people with cluster headaches. Nerve blocks involve the injection of pain medicine into or around a nerve or the spine.
In addition, Mayo Clinic surgeons perform more than 3,700 neurosurgical procedures each year.
Diagnostic and treatment capabilities. Mayo Clinic offers rapid diagnosis and treatment planning by a team of skilled experts.
Penetrating head wounds (including neurosurgical procedures)
Hematogenous spread (eg, in bacterial endocarditis, congenital heart disease with right-to-left shunt, or IV drug abuse)
Unknown causes ...
Immunodeficiency syndromes
Head trauma with open skull fracture
Neurosurgical procedures Meningitis may also be caused by fungi, chemical irritation or drug allergies, and tumours (aseptic meningitis).
The risk of intracranial bleeding following head trauma and neurosurgical procedures is increased in patients with CAA. Some evidence suggests that CAA has a role in a substantial proportion of anticoagulant- and thrombolytic-related hemorrhages.
This is usually associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE involving the TEMPORAL BONE), NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES, or other conditions, but may rarely occur spontaneously.
(From Am J Otol 1995 Nov;16(6):765-71) ...
Several neurosurgical procedures are available. Some are done on an outpatient basis, while others are more complex and require hospitalization.
 See also: Surgery, Trauma, Headache, Infections, Seizure
  
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