pure vertical nystagmus is taken as central until proven otherwise; see text for explanation).
Alexander's law: The horizontal nystagmus should follow Alexander's law (i.e.
Vertical nystagmus occurs much less frequently than horizontal nystagmus and is often, but not necessarily, a sign of serious brain damage. Nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem.
Side to side (horizontal nystagmus)
Up and down (vertical nystagmus)
Rotary
Depending on the cause, these movements may be in both eyes or in just one eye. The term "dancing eyes" has been used in regional dialect to describe nystagmus.
Vertical nystagmus is usually a sign of significant brain disease and should be referred urgently. Onset may be at any age and is associated with a range of conditions varying from relatively benign to life threatening.
Oculomotor abnormalities, including horizontal and vertical nystagmus and partial ophthalmoplegias (eg, lateral rectus palsy, conjugate gaze palsies), are common. Pupils may be abnormal; they are usually sluggish or unequal.
Other effects of barbiturate intoxication include drowsiness, lateral and vertical nystagmus, slurred speech and ataxia, decreased anxiety, a loss of inhibitions.
 See also: Nystagmus, Surgery, Urology, Symptom, Neurology
  
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