BURNISHING
The act of rubbing greenware (clay) with any smooth tool to polish it, and tighten the surface.
CALLIGRAPHY ...
BURNISHING.
The operation of smoothing out the grain in the mezzotint process with the aid of the burnisher, a polished steel tool with a large round head. It is also used on metal plates where corrections are required.
Burnishing
Creating a polished finish on paper by rubbing with stone or hand smoothing a surface.
Burst Binding ...
White areas are made by burnishing and scraping the burr to create smooth, depressed areas which will not take the ink. Half-tones are created by partially burnishing and scraping the burr.
By scraping off the burr to a greater or lesser extent or by burnishing it away entirely, the amount of ink carried by different areas can be controlled and gradations of tone or highlight (the burnished areas will carry no ink) obtained. AQUATINT.
Beginning in the mid 1950s, Smith explored the technique of burnishing his stainless steel sculptures with a sander, a technique that would find its fullest expression in his Cubi series (1961-65).
" The resulting surface, called the "burr," prints as a dark, velvety black. White areas are made by burnishing and scraping the burr to create smooth, depressed areas which will not take the ink.
The process of engraving copper or steel to reproduce tones by roughening the surface of the plate with a toothed instrument, scraping the burr thus raised and burnishing to secure variations of light.
Microcard
Opaque, micro-photographic medium.
-Mezzotint A tonal, rather linear, engraving process made by first roughening the surface of the plate with a mesh of small burred dots and then producing the picture by flattening and burnishing selected areas which print as highlights.
An image is then created by scraping and burnishing the plate. When printed, smooth areas remain white and rough areas print dark.
The next step is burnishing, which is rubbing the leaf so that it adheres. Standard Gold Leaf is 23.5 carats, with about 2000 leaves weighing one ounce. However, variations are available such as lemon gold (18.5 carats) and pale gold (16 carats).
This is the unique property of this method in that with varying degrees of burnishing, different degrees of darkness can be achieved. .
The mixture is applied to the articles with a camel's hair pencil, and after passing through the fire the gold is of a dingy colour, but the lustre is brought out by burnishing with agate and bloodstone, ...
Medieval painters applied as many as ten layers of gesso on wood panels. By painting alla prima with tempera on gessoed panels they could create "portable" frescoes. Gesso on wood panels makes a good surface for paintings that include burnishing and ...
The design is then created in lighter tones by scraping out and burnishing areas of the roughened plate so that they hold less ink, or none in highlights. Details may be sharpened by engraving or etching in a "mixed mezzotint." ...
 See also: Painting, Size, Plate, Expression, Sculpture
  
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