hardpan
A hard layer of soil that exists below a layer of topsoil. It is difficult to dig and typically, roots have a hard time growing through it and water does not penetrate through it.
hardwood cutting ...
Hardpan is not your friend. Caliches, or hardpan, are hardened calcium carbonate deposits that form when minerals are leached from the upper layer of soil.
hardpan
The impervious layer of soil or clay lying beneath the topsoil.
hardiness ...
HARDPAN - Compacted soil, sometimes new, created by construction. Water will run off and plant roots can not penetrate the layer. Can be broken up.
hardpan An impervious layer of soil or rock that prevents root growth and the downward drainage of water.
hardy Frost- or freeze-tolerant. In horticulture, this term does not mean tough or resistant to insect pests or disease.
What is hardpan?
Hardpan is a dense layer of soil that restricts root growth and the movement of moisture, air and beneficial organisms through the soil.
HARDPAN: hard, compacted, often clayey layer of soil through which roots cannot grow.
HARDY: A plant which can withstand prolonged exposure to temperatures at or below 45°F. Compare half hardy and tender.
Hardpan
A hard layer of soil a few inches under ground level as a result of constant shallow plowing
Herbicide ...
HARDPAN - The impervious layer of soil or clay lying beneath the topsoil. Water will run off and plant roots can not penetrate the layer. Can be broken up.
Soil with a hardpan or hard crust: horse nettle (Solanum carolinense), pennycress (Thiaspi arvense), quack grass (Agropyron repens), field mustard (Brassica nigra), morning-glory (Ipomoea purpurea), pineapple weed (Matricaria sauveolens) ...
In heavy clay or hardpan soils, if the sides of the hole are smooth, you will need to roughen them with a spading fork to make it easier for the roots to grow into the soil.
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6. Make a Cone ...
In the New England garden, rock is our constant companion, and those of you with hardpan know how difficult it is to break through. No list of tilling tools would be complete without the pry bar, or breaker bar.
You can improve soil drainage through cultivation, taking special care to break up subsoil hardpan layers that prevent water movement. Hardpans are caused by using machine tillers at the same depth time after time.
A low spot in your yard may be wet because a clay hardpan is keeping moisture from draining away. If the soggy spot is solid clay, adding some organic matter like compost will help your garden grow.
If a garden is tilled to the same depth each year, a hardpan layer may develop just below the usual tilling depth. Hardpan forms an impermeable "floor" where water accumulates and cannot soak through.
Caliche: More commonly called hardpan, this is sometimes found in the south west of the USA. Lime (calcium carbonate) is deposited just below the soil surface either because of arid conditions or through the overuse of chemical fertilisers.
Plowpan is an artificial hardpan created by repeated tilling at the same depth over a number of years in soil that is too cold and wet in the spring.
pubescent
Covered with short, soft hairs. The well known African violet has pubescent leaves.
There's also the matter of caliche (pronounced "cal-EECH-ee"), a sort of natural "concrete" hardpan found in certain alkaline desert soils. Caliche occurs anywhere from the soil surface to several feet down and stops roots cold.
-- soil that develops over a layer of hardpan or caliche
It is the result of long-term exposure to desert conditions, namely arid climates with wide swings in daytime and nightime temperatures.
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June is also the ideal time to plant palms: Dig a hole twice as wide as the rootball, thoroughly break up any caliche (hardpan) at the bottom of the hole, and add plenty of organic matter when backfilling.
Another factor in your soil may be the presence of a sub-layer of hardpan, rock or shell, which we have in our yard and makes planting certain sections of it impossible.
Most soils develop a hard layer, especially after years of cultivation, called a hardpan. This tool makes it easy to break up this layer, and also releases nutrients that have been locked up at these lower depths, sometimes for years.
It may even have formed hardpan (a layer of clay clustered 10-12 inches below the surface) and not drain properly as a result. If that's the case, it's important to loosen the soil, restore its non-mineral components and correct any deficiencies.
spread equal parts over your garden until it reaches a depth of about one inch or more depending on the type of soil. Too much and the soil will be too loose and the water will drain away to quickly, not enough and the sun will bake it to a hardpan ...
The jagged sawthooth edge on this carbon steel blade does not take no for an answer. It looks more like a weapon than a gardening tool and you'll need it when you're trying to dig through tree roots and hardpan.
 See also: Soil, Plant, Organic, Organic matter, Planting
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