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Selinum tenuifolium and alchemilla mollis lap around a lichen-clad pot.
Selinum tenuifolium
Alchemilla Mollis (Lady's Mantle)
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Lichens are a symbiosis of fungal threads and algae. Joined together for mutual benefit, they live better than if they were separate.

lichen
An organism formed by the symbiotic association of an alga and a fungus.
GardenWeb Glossary of Botanical Terms
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Lichens
Lichens (figure A) are curious organisms that grow on rocks or tree branches and have no true leaves, stems, or roots. Essentially, they're part-algae and part-fungus.

LICHEN - A combined growing condition of algae and fungus. It looks crusty, and comes in many colors: gray, green, bluish, or browns.

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(Gr. thallos, a young shoot; phyton, a plant) a primary division of plants including all forms consisting of one cell and cell aggregates not clearly differentiated into root, stem, and leaf, including bacteria, algae, fungi, and lichens.

Mosses and Lichens won't survive without the cool, moist, dimly lit environment of the forest.
Some plants grow well in alkaline soil, while others thrive in acid soil.

Choose stones with character, with interesting shapes and maybe some lichens or moss. When selecting new stone the most important thing to remember is the character of the existing stone back at the site.

I even broke down and purchased a book-by gardeners' consensus the book-Moss Gardening: Including Lichens, Liverworts, and Other Miniatures, by George Schenk (Timber Press, 1997).

Alpine rock gardens resemble a windswept mountain peak complete with rugged, lichen-coated rocks and boulders, flowering alpine plants, and twisted evergreens stunted by harsh growing conditions.

If necessary, spray with a tar oil winter wash to remove lichen, moss and overwintering eggs or spores of pests and diseases from established ornamental trees and large shrubs.

Moss and lichen growing on the outside of these containers can add an attractive, weathered patina. The downside is stone and concrete may cause overly alkaline conditions. A limestone pot, for instance, can poison acid-loving plants.

With careful planning your green wall or roof will need minimal maintenance, just sporadic weeding to remove woody plants that have invaded. If you concentrate on developing a moss and lichen community remember to be patient, ...

Mosses, along with other natural materials, such as pinecones, acorns, lichens, dried flowers or berries, can be used to enhance many objects.

If you're looking for something a little more interesting than moss and lichen to brighten up a shady corner of your garden, ...

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The Plants National Database - provides standardized information about the vascular plants, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens of the U.S. and its territories.

The only book I have found on the subject is George Schenk's wonderful book, Moss Gardening: including Lichens, Liverworts and Other Miniatures.

Set into the ground so at least one-third of the rock is buried. Place to expose as much lichen as possible and to control soil erosion between rocks. Create soil pockets between stones for the placement of various-sized plants.

Organic Matter. Organic matter is the partially decomposed remains of soil organisms and plant life including lichens and mosses, grasses and leaves, trees, and all other kinds of vegetative matter.

Moisture also encourages the growth of lichens and other micro-organisms that discolor the wood surface. Wood can develop mildew growth rapidly, particulariy if treated with linseed oi1 or other natural oils, which form a food source for the fungi.

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They are usually regarded as
essential for the successful application of vegetable dyes, except those obtained
from lichens. Mordants not only help the dye to remain fast, but can alter the colour
that is produced.

See also: Plant, Water, Natural, Soil, Gardening