After entering an insect host through its mouth, anus or breathing holes (spiracles) -- Heterorhabditid nematodes can also pierce through an insect' s body wall -- the juvenile nematodes release a bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus ...
Oils smother insects by plugging the orifices, called spiracles, through which they breathe. They may also be toxic to some insects and mites.
The body segments are separated by deep constrictions, and most have large oval spiracles on either side (fig. 4).
The primary way horticultural oil kills insects is by suffocating them. The oil blocks the spiracles through which insects breathe.
  
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