abstraction
A simplified idea of a real-world object or system. Referenced by: Space; Variable (programming); Unified Modeling Language; Thread (computer science); Method (computer science); Computer file; Block (data storage); Adobe Flash; .
abstraction, generalization and selection of relevant concepts, processes and relationships in the real world
conceptual modeling of the relationships between abstract entities
mathematical modeling of the relationships between defined entities ...
Maps are abstractions or generalizations of reality. Map makers are allowed to emphasize certain parts of their maps to accomplish their goals. The users of GIS today are often not aware of the limitations of conventional maps.
Maps are abstractions of reality. They use long-established techniques, patterns and symbols to summarize the real world as visual references. The distinction between reality and cartographic rendering, however, changes with a digital map.
Cartographic abstraction
production of a map requires:
selection of the few features in the real world to include
classification of selected features into groups (i.e. bridges, churches, railways)
simplification of jagged lines like coastlines ...
[data models] An abstraction of reality used to represent objects, processes, or events.
[modeling] A set of rules and procedures for representing a phenomenon or predicting an outcome.
An abstraction of reality. Models can include a combination of logical expressions, mathematical equations, and criteria that are applied or the purpose of simulating a process, predicting an outcome, or characterizing a phenomenon.
Two further abstractions of this concept are the fundamental niche and the realized niche. Ecology The study of the factors that influence the distribution and abundance of species. Ecosphere See biosphere.
An example of a data domain is {roads, houses, rivers} or on another abstraction level {transport, ...
Applications need to be able to treat these business abstractions in the same way across all tiers of a IT infrastructure, as complete entities, whether they reside in the database or manipulated outside of it.
This requires the database to: ...
Users of the legacy Open Sound System must either compile and install the abstraction layer flashsupport provided by Adobe, run the Windows Flash Player in a Windows browser through WINE, or switch to ALSA, ...
The maps we use as the standards are largely extrapolations, or more correctly, abstractions. They are often thematic, recording one or more surface types or themes-the signals- but ignoring others- the noise.
MADS allows to describe a spatial feature either as an object or as an attribute, according to the abstraction level considered by the application.
- GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library)/OGR Utilities [33-36]: GDAL is a translator library for raster geospatial data formats that is released under an Open Source license.
Traditional maps are abstractions of the real world, a sampling of important elements portrayed on a sheet of paper with symbols to represent physical objects. People who use maps must interpret these symbols.
We now know that the sky is limitless space but for purposes of astronomical mapping, the inside of a ball painted with stars is a convenient abstraction.
Design++ application development means defining a product abstraction, or "super model", which represents the possible product variations allowed. The "super" modeling is an iterative process.
Maps are supposed to represent an abstraction, i.e. just the important information is abstracted and presented to the user. This is much more useful than presenting too much information.
The last, philosophy in the stricter sense, he defines as "the knowledge of immaterial being," and calls it "first philosophy", "the theologic science" or of "being in the highest degree of abstraction.
Liskov, B. and S. Zilles, 1977, "An Introduction to Formal Specifications of Data Abstractions, Current Trends in Programming Methodology" - Vol. 1: Software Specification and Design, R.T. Yeh (ed), Prentice Hall, pp 1-32.
NOTE: Compare the two sets of N1 and E1. They must agree to within 0.001. If they do not, then a math or abstraction error was made, and Part II must be recomputed.
COMPLETE PART III OF THE ONE-SHEET FORMAT ...
In cartography, symbols are everything. The very nature of a map as an abstracted representation of the Earth requires symbols to perform the abstraction. To not have symbols is to not have maps.
Modeling - (1) The process of creating a model. (2) A stage in scientific investigation involving the development of abstraction, theories and mathematical formulae to simulate real world processes or phenomena.
...
Error is introduced to maps in the process of cartographic abstraction. A map is a model of reality, and map contents are often elegant misrepresentations of changes that are often gradual, vague, or fuzzy (Burrough 1986).
The cartographic process rests on the premise that there is an objective reality and that we can make reliable representations of that reality by adding levels of abstraction.
The Classification of Maps ...
of the entities in space unless cross-reference is made to another data set, typically a map, which does specifically define the location of each name or code number involved. Four types of location identifiers are used: a) Points - as abstractions ...
The five characteristics of an object-oriented system contain abstraction, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and dynamic binding (Zhan and Mark, 1992). These elements construct a powerful environment for application development.
Turns represent relationships between network links rather than an abstraction of some real-world physical entity. The properties of a turn are stored in a turntable. turn impedance The impedance or cost of making a turn at a network node.
Raster Data: An abstraction of the real world where spatial data is expressed as a matrix of cells or pixels, with spatial position implicit in the ordering of the pixels.
Continue to Graphic display techniques or Return to GIS index Graphic display techniques Traditional maps are abstractions of the real world, a sampling of important elements portrayed on a sheet of paper with symbols to represent physical objects.
 See also: Information, Model, Object, GIS, Class
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