Soil
Soil is the layer of minerals and organic matter, in thickness from from centimeters to a meter or more, on the land surface. Its main components are mineral matter, organic matter, moisture, and air.
Soil Water
Soil water was measured gravimetrically at about 40 locations on three transects across a valley situated on a 51 ha farm (Engman and Rogowski, 1974).
Soil is not only a support for vegetation, but it is also the zone (the pedosphere) of numerous interactions between climate (water, air, temperature), soil life (micro-organisms, plants, animals) and its residues, ...
Soil Map Vectorization
If your soil map is scanned as a 1-bit black and white image, you can Auto Vectorize to get all parcel boundaries vectorized automatically. If your soil map is drawn on an aerial photo, scan the image as grayscale.
Soil Wizard Allows for User Specified Soil Properties
Courtesy: Bentley Systems
RAM Foundation Data Sheet
Who uses RAM Foundation?
Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Data Base national standards used to construct the soil maps in the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) data base.
Soil horizon normally found below the O horizon and above the B horizon. This layer is characterized by the following two features:
(1) A layer in which humus and other organic materials are mixed with mineral particles.
Soil group worksheet, containing detailed breakdown of soil types and land uses for parcel of agricultural property, used in calculating agricultural assessment:
10.[524] ...
soil -- Unconsolidated materials above bedrock.
stratigraphy -- n. The study of rock layers, especially their distribution, environment of deposition, and age; stratigraphic, adj.
soil horizon A layer of soil that is distinguishable from adjacent layers by characteristic physical properties such as texture, structure, or color, or by chemical composition.
soil moisture Ground water in the zone of aeration ...
Soil Map
The soil hosts much of the recycling of resources critical to planetary life, including energy, water, gases, and nutrients. The soil also anchors and supplies nutrients for vegetation.
[edit] Soil aspects
In some locals there are patterns of soil differences related to differences in aspect.
Soil moisture is one of the critical parameters a farmer needs to know in making decisions about planting conditions and need for irrigation. It is often the precursor indicator of potential or actual crop stress.
soil maps (e.g. Soil Conservation Service)
land use (e.g. USGS land use series)
vegetation (forestry agencies, many state governments)
surficial geology (US and state geological surveys) ...
Soil sampling has long been at the core of agricultural research and practice. Traditionally point-sampled data were analyzed by non-spatial statistics to identify the typical nutrient level throughout an entire field.
Soil Conservation Service (USDA); Soft Copy Search (NIMA)
SCSA
Standard Consolidated Statistical Area; Soil Conservation Society of America ...
The Soil Survey Geographic database (SSURGO) is a vector database describing soil delineation boundaries.
Defining Soil Remediation Scope and Budget with GIS
Badger Army Ammunition Plant, Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA
Education ...
As eroded soil is carried downstream, it is deposited at areas where the river slows, especially where the river meets the body of water it flows into (often the ocean or a lake), forming a fertile river delta that has muddy swamps and/or sandbars.
USDA NRCS soil maps
The following is a list of the specifications that must be followed when making a soil map:
1. Up to 25% of polygons may be of other soil types than that named, if this does not represent a major hindrance to land management.
Here, the Soil.name field is moved to the left in the table display. Examine the value for record 1; there are 2933100 ft^2 which combine KAPOWSIN soils and stand value 0. What is stand value 0?
Loess:
A soil made up of small particles that were transported by the wind to their present location.
map, soil Map that shows the constitution, structure, and texture of the soil and identifies ongoing erosion.
A loose surface (soil, clay or sand) road, on a limited foundation, suitable during dry weather conditions
Minimum size
Length (on the map): 6.4 mm
Length (on the map): 1600 m ...
Auditory, Fauna, Soil, Boundary, Flora, Transportation, Buildings, Future Projects, Utilities, Cadastre, Geodesy, Visual, Climate, Geology, Common, Hydrography, Communications, Improvements, Cultural, Landform, Demographics, Land Status, ...
50 a procedure that assigns attributes to spatial objects through some attribute of those spatial objects (such as a soil class or a political subdivision), not through direct measurement. information p.
A grid example would be to move soil particles froma ridgetop to a stream based on equations developed by soil scientists. The determination of these routes usually take into consideration impedances. Row
A record in an attribue table ...
Pedology (pÄ›dÇ'lÅgy), (from Russian: pedologiya, from the Greek pedon = soil, earth), is the study of soils and soil formation. ...
Contains the LS factor for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. Equations taken from Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation for Western Rangelands (Weltz et al. 1987).
A mixture of aluminum oxides and hydroxides that forms from intense chemical weathering of a soil in tropical environments.
Bedding: ...
European GLOBAL Digital Archive on Soil Maps
ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM)
Global GEO Data Portal (FREE geospatial & statisti...
FREE Live Training Seminars from ESRI !
Free SRTM 90m Data for the entire world ! ...
Usually, a thematic map displays a single attribute (a "univariate map") such as soil type, vegetation, geology, land use, or landownership.
All marks are subject to the effects of geologic and soil activity. Vertical-control marks or BMs are particularly vulnerable because this activity results in vertical movements much more than horizontal motion.
Work began with removal of existing soil mixes, drainage rock, and subgrade clay. A bulldozer and the two motorgraders graded the subgrade to a 0.5 percent slope on both sides of the field's center spine.
As inputs into a GIS, the term base map is usually applied to those sources of information about relatively permanent features including topography, soil data, geology, cadastral divisions, and political divisions.
For example, street centerlines and census blocks share geometry, and adjacent soil polygons share geometry. Topology defines and enforces data integrity rules (for example, there should be no gaps between polygons).
amount of organic matter in soil, gradient, suitability for agriculture). When one variable changes in one direction (e.g. increases of soil organic matter), another variable also changes in the same direction (e.g.
For example, a GIS can quickly generate a map with isolines that indicate the pH of soil from test points (figs. 14 and 15). Such a map can be thought of as a soil pH contour map.
The second map is a more complex map, of soil types in northern Tasmania. Here the marginalia has been placed in a separate panel to the actual map.
The nominal level is the lowest level of measurement in which the data can only be distinguished qualitatively, such as vegetation type or soil type.
A new database model that links soil-landscape components on the SLC map to soil attribute data bases.
Separate soil-landscape and base map layers which allow for easier maintenance and update of data.
UCCS GES 100 Climate Vegetation and Soil: Table of Contents
UCSC SciVis Home Page
Ultranet - Web Sites - Reference
UNBSJ Ward Chipman Library Geography GIS Remote Sensing
Universities and Government Agency Sites ...
Raster Data - raster (or grid cell type) data can be used for analyzing, overlaying, and modelling area features such as soil types or forested areas. Raster data are generally typically scanned in from maps.
The vector model is extremely useful for describing discrete features, but less useful for describing continuously varying features such as soil type or accessibility costs for hospitals. The raster model has evolved to model such continuous features.
What is the dominant soil type for oak forest?
If I build a new highway here how will traffic be affected?
Both simple and sophisticated queries utilizing more than one data layer can provide timely information to analysts and managers alike.
For siting a landfill, the criteria may include the geology, soil type, current land use, location of protected lands (parks or wildlife refuges) or environmentally sensitive areas (water supply watersheds), proximity to roads, ...
Aerial photographs may reveal archaeological sites directly, where they are extant, or as crop, soil or other surface indications where the site is buried.
Land Cover: The materials that cover a study site, such as vegetation, bare soil, rock, sand, and water.
Legend: The part of the drawn map explaining the meaning of the symbols used to code the depicted geographical elements.
A great deal of information gathered from deep soil cores taken from around the bigdig can be found at Boston Subsurface Project.
Geocoding: In spatial databases, a coding process wherein a digital map feature is assigned an attribute to serve as a unique ID (tract number, node number) or classification (soil type, zoning category).
Zones, polygons, and regions are GIS terms for groups of lines that enclose areas such as state boundaries, property lines, and soil type delineations. Complex polygons may contain islands consisting of other polygons or unmodeled areas.
T
Thematic Map: A map that displays the spatial distribution of a single attribute or a specific topic, such as property assessments, soil types, or crime locations.
Topography: The relief, elevation or shape of the earth in a given area.
Each grid cell has a value that corresponds to the feature or characteristic at that site, such as a soil type, census tract, or vegetation class. Additional values of the cell can be stored in a value attribute table (VAT).
The theme and its extent of development determine the number of tables that comprise the database. For example, the Crow Butte soil polygon database contains twelve tables, in such areas as yield, crop potential, and statistical information.
Examples of polygonal data include forest stands, soil classification areas, administrative boundaries, and climate zones. Most polygon data is considered to be homogeneous in nature and thus is consistent throughout.
Area features, also called "polygons," have a defined two-dimensional extent and are delimited by boundary lines that encompass the area. Typical area features are maintenance districts and soil types.
Three-Dimensional Surfaces ...
POLYGON
An area bounded by a closed line. It is used to describe spatial elements, such as housing and industrial units, administrative and political districts, and areas of homogeneous land use and soil types.
of Rent (Ch.2, "On Rent") [Ricardian theory of rent explains rent in terms of fertility differences] Rent is that portion of the produce of the earth, which is paid to the landlord for the use of the original and indestructible powers of the soil.
- Conformal projections for sea, air and meteorological charts, topographic and large scale maps; - Equidistant projections for topographic and large scale maps; - Equal-area projections for historical, population, geological and soil maps.
Examples are soil type, land classification, population density and rainfall maps.
Topography: The study of the relief of a given area on the Earth's surface, usually on a large scale, including both natural and man-made features.
 See also: Information, Area, Map, Cover, Model
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