Fractures

Fractures also are a consequence of mechanical stress. They occur at the girdle, and more rarely at the point, of the stone when no culet is present.

Fracture-filling Inclusions are man-made diamond enhancements that are the result of natural cleavage-plane stress fractures or feathers which have been artificially filled with molten glass to enhance clarity, and remove cloudiness.

Fractures
Fractures are caused mainly by mechanical stresses like pressure or impact and may run in all directions within the diamond.
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Fractures: Cracks within the stone structure that are unparallel to the cleavage plane are called as fractures. It makes by and large the appearance of the gem fragmented as it has no shape.

Fractures
Fractures are many jagged breaks in different directions.
Bearded Girdle ...

Fractures - Whitish interruptions on the surface of a gemstone where light does not pass through.

Fractures/Cleavages: As noted in the lesson on magnification, an internal cleavage can give evidence of its presence by a "cleavage rainbow".

Fractures fillings - In diamonds, fracture filling entails a molten glass filling that improves clarity. You can get a lot more stone for your money buying fracture filled diamonds, the problem is that the treatment isn't always permanent.

Small fractures; sun spangles
Clarity enhancement Aged look; darkening of surface
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Any small fractures below a gemstone's surface, which look either transparent or light white under magnification.
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Inclusions, fractures, and incipient cleavage cracks all fall under the general heading of "flaws" that affect a diamonds clarity. In grading, no distinction is made among them, except with respect to the extent each affects appearance.

A mineral fractures when it is broken or crushed. Fracture takes place when a mineral sample is split in a direction which does not serve as a plane of perfect or distinct cleavage.

Fissures and fractures that are characteristic of emerald are traditionally filled with oil to minimize their visual impact. Cleaning emerald with an ultrasonic cleaner can remove or damage the oil, thus making the fissures more visible.

Glass-filled fractures may also show gas bubbles trapped in the glass. Once a glass-filled stone is detected, it can then be removed from its setting before any work is done, or be protected with water or a heat-retardant product.

Filling of surface fractures with a colorless hardened substance
Rarely
Rarely ...

Feathers are small fractures in a diamond caused by the tremendous stress that the diamond suffered while it was growing underground. Under magnification, these small fractures appear very much like a feather.
Fill, Filled, Filling ...

Fracture Filling:A process where gemstone fractures are filled with a clear substance to prevent the fracture from worsening or the stone from breaking.

The luster is silky with a wavy light-ray on fractures. Typically displays stripes, because included fibers are crooked or bent. It is sensitive to acids.

Occasionally, to improve appearance, diamonds are laser-drilled and, sometimes, a foreign substance is used to fill surface cavities or fractures. Diamonds may also be irradiated and/or heated to induce "fancy" colors.

"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures". N. Engl. J. Med. 354 (7): 669-83. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055218. PMID 16481635.
^ Grant AM, Avenell A, Campbell MK, et al (2005).

Fh = Flux healing: During heat enhancement, fluxes (or heat alone) may be used to heal fractures/fissures which were formerly open. The process dissolves the walls of the fractures and redeposits the molten gem material, healing the fractures closed.

Natural glasses, such as Obsidian, are amorphous with a rounded shape, and usually contain conchoidal fractures. natural spring A place where groundwater flows to the surface and issues freely from the ground.

It forms thick crusts with a rough or crystalline texture, and is commonly found in cavities and "pillows" along fractures of basalt. Usually ranging from pale to grass green, prehnite can also be gray, white, black, brown or colorless.

Feathers: These are small fractures in a diamond. They are usually caused by the tremendous stress that the diamond suffered while it was growing underground.

Crazing: A common opal flaw is crazing, a thin network of fractures that resembles a spider's web. If the crazing is deep, it has a great impact on value. Opals with a high water content are most subject to crazing.

There is a new process patented a few years ago that melts a kind of crystal into surface-breaking fractures in a diamond.

Prehnite is usually found in cavities along fractures of basalt. The Australian deposits occur in scattered outcrops of Antrim Plateau Volcanics of early Cambrian age (about 570 million years old) and consist of massive basalt up to 197 feet thick.

It is useful to enhance the mending of breaks and fractures. It can help to remove blockages from the nervous system and from the capillaries of the body. It's a soothing stone known for calming the mind and emotions .

Almost all emeralds contain numerous small inclusions and fractures that promote fragility. Most stones on the market are impregnated with oils, waxes, or other substances to mask the fractures and sometimes enhance color.

The common fractures and internal characteristics of Emeralds often require treatments or enhancements to improve their appearance for use in jewelry.

Fractures may be internal or external. Internal fractures are called feathers. External fractures often take characteristic forms that are helpful when identifying minerals.

In fracture filling, molten glass is used to fill the diamond's fractures. This is the most common type of clarity treatment today, and the type of filling substance used ensures that the fracture cannot be seen.

Feathers: cleavages or fractures often white and feathery in appearance. (There are 4 cleavage planes in diamond, which run in octahedral directions.

Feathers: These are small fractures in a diamond.
Finish: This term refers to the qualities imparted to a diamond by the skill of the diamond cutter.

Internally, inclusions may occur in the form of tiny spots, fractures, feathers etc., while externally they may appear as scratches and fissures. Sometimes an inclusion does not affect a diamond's brilliance or gets easily hidden by its setting.

This noble gem from the beryl group is usually cloudy due to inclusions or hairline fractures. These imperfections are acceptable as long as they don't detract from the stone's lovely green color.

There are uneven and rough fractures on the stone with streaks of white on it. The vitreous luster of the crystal and wide range of colors like white, blue and various shades of green makes the stones beautiful and precious.

Included crystals of zircon, and related stress fractures (or halos) are sometimes seen. Liquid-filled "fingerprint" inclusions are also common ...

Contemplate this: the fractures and veils in crystals are sometimes called imperfections. Yet they are the source of crystalline rainbows. Take a new look at what you consider to be your imperfections. Is it possible they're your greatest gifts?

Fracture Filling - This refers to a stone enhancement method filling in tiny fractures. Fillers include glass, plastic, polymer, resins and oils. For example, emeralds commonly have wax and resins incorporated into fissures to improve appearance.

Surface cavities and fractures are commonly filled with a foreign material, including glass. As a by-product of heat treatment, the presence of solidified borax or similar colorless substances which are visible under 10x magnification are common.

Feather: A collective term for diamond cleavages and fractures.
Fineness: A measure of purity for precious metal alloys.
Fire (Dispersion): Reflected spectral colors that radiate - flash - from the inside of a polished diamond.

The process that uses a different substance to fill fractures in a gemstone and thereby strengthening the stone; it is a non-permanent solution. This process is common in emeralds but also occurs with other gemstones.
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Tiny, numerous, hairlike fractures extending into the stone.
Bearding
Tiny, numerous, hairlike fractures extending into the stone.

Or bearded girdle refers to hair like fractures reaching inside the stone
Bezel facets
Kite shaped facets also known as top main facets present on the crown of a diamond.

A geologic fracture or a zone of fractures along which there has been displacement of the sides relative to one another parallel to the fracture.
Filter cake ...

Filling is a technique used to fill surface reaching fractures in a diamond to mask the fracture. This process can also be used on laser drilled diamonds to mask the laser hole. A glass like material is used in the filling process.
Finish ...

The temperatures involved are normally about 500°C. The ancients used to heat Quartz and drop it into a cold liquid in order to produce fractures. Dyes were then used to color the gem through the use of these fractures.

Some rubies also have surface fractures and cavities that are filled with glass-like materials to improve their appearance. This filler may break, fall out or wear out over time if exposed to heat, strong abrasives or constant impact.

Hematite is a form of iron ore. It fractures easily, although
it is pretty durable once cut and set into jewelry.
Most of the hematite available today is man made.

It is harder than nephrite, the other variety of jade, fractures more easily, and has a glossy appearance.

Indeed, identification of a stone is greatly facilitated by the presence of inclusions or even slight fractures. Most emeralds on the market today contain inclusions that diminish their transparency.

Sometimes these fractures will be filled with material that will allow the light to pass through smoothly. Different materials are used; oil, wax, glass, epoxy, and borax are common materials.

Peridot is occasionally treated with colorless oil or wax to improve its appearance. Surface fractures are sometimes filled with a colorless resin that hardens. If done properly, these treatments should remain stable.

alteration areas surriounding hydrated uranyl oxides; also in fractures at some distance from primary uraninite.
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Body Appearance
The optical characteristic of a gem produced by internal inclusions, fractures or layers.
Body Color
The dominant hue within a gemstone.

CLARITY ENHANCED - A gemstone that has been treated to improve its appearance by filling fissures or fractures with a transparent substance. Also called "fracture filled." ...

Fracture filling: A type of enhancement where tiny fractures in a gemstone are filled.

Sometimes glassy residue can be trapped in fractures when the ruby cools. Heat enhancement is stable, does not require special care, and does not reduce the stone's value unless significant residue is present.

In most cases, there is nothing that can be done about flaws or inclusions, although in recent years lasers have been used to enhance some inclusions or fractures in diamonds by filling them in, much the way small dings in a windshield are filled in.

See also: Fracture, Stone, Color, Natural, Jewel