Hydrous: Simply means "combined with water"; especially water of crystallization.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...
Hydrous Carbonates
The hydrous carbonates consist of the copper carbonates, which contain both copper and the hydroxyl radical (OH-).
hydrous iron oxides for red- to orange-brown,
an iron compound (iron-rich clay?) for some dark green streaks
graphite for some gray-to-black jadeite jades.
This hydrous carbonate of copper occurring in nature as an opaque stone, varying in colour from very light to very dark green. It has characteristic banding and is fragile and easily scratched.
1.1 Anhydrous carbonates
1.2 Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas
1.3 Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen
1.4 Hydrated carbonates ...
Opal is a hydrous, silicon dioxide and is unlike other minerals because it is not crystalline but amorphous. It is considered to be a hardened jelly. Water content varies from about 6 to 10% in gem opals.
Malachite, a hydrous carbonate of Copper, is a popular Opaque stone with bands of green and black. Many beautiful specimens of Malachite contain other Minerals, such as Azurite, Cuprite or Chrysocolla.
(Mn,Fe)(PO4) Hydrous Copper Arsenate
Color(s):
purple, pink to purplish red, magenta, black, sometimes brownish ...
Caledonite, a hydrous, lead-copper carbonate with sulphate, is often well-crystallized and the crystals invariably have interesting forms.
Calcite is an anhydrous carbonate, and one of the most widely distributed minerals on the Earth's surface. It is a common constituent of sedimentary rocks. In crystallized form, Calcite has a vitreous luster.
Absolute Hardness: 9 ...
Turquoise: A hydrous aluminum phosphate colored by copper salts found in desert regions throughout the world and used in jewelry by the natives who live there including Mongolian, Chinese, Native Australian, Persian, ...
Malachite: A hydrous carbonate of copper, malachite is an opaque green stone characterized by bands of light and dark green which have very pronounced contrast and are often concentric. A source of copper.
Turquoise: A hydrous aluminum phosphate colored by copper salts found in desert regions throughout the world and used in jewelry by the natives who live there including Mongolian, Chinese, Native Australian, Persian, ...
Adamsite-(Y)
(Hydrous Na, Ca, Zr, Y phosphate carbonate) (p)
(Hydrous Na, Ca, Y phosphate carbonate)
IMA 2005-12a
Tumchaite ...
turquoise - a hydrous copper aluminum phosphate that always occurs in fine-grained, compact masses in a light blue color often with bits of brown or grey. This opaque stone is almost always cabochon cut.
Cu6(Si6O18)6H2o (a hydrous copper silicate)
Class:
Silicate (Cyclosilicate) ...
hydrous sulfate of aluminum and potassium: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Crystallography: Hexagonal, usually massive crystals are rare
Colors: white, gray, pink
Luster: vitreous to pearly,translucent to transparent Hardness: 3.5 - 4
Specific gravity: 2.6 - 2.9 ...
Tourmaline, from the singhalese tourmali, meaning mixed stone, is an extremely complex group of hydrous minerals containing Li, Al, B, and Si, plus varying quantities of alkalis (K, Na) and metals (Fe, Mg, Mn).
Prehnite is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime, with bright, almost luminescent green coloring. It forms thick crusts with a rough or crystalline texture, and is commonly found in cavities and "pillows" along fractures of basalt.
Minerals in sedimentary rocks are either stable in low-tempera ture hydrous environments (e.g. clays) or are high temperature minerals that are extremely resistant to chemical weathering (e.g. quartz).
The best "find" at the mine is langite, a hydrous copper sulphate, which was found September 9th (1932), by Mr. Charles Travis.
The Malachite is a very dense stone which is a hydrous carbonate of the mineral copper. The color of this stone varies from light to deep green. Since it lacks hardness it can be easily scratched.
Opal is an amorphous hydrous silica. Some varieties display vivid colors in what gemologists refer to as play-of-color. White and black opal and some orange opal exhibit this phenomena.
For the curiosity of the students of Chemistry, the chemical name of Turquoise is Hydrous copper aluminum phosphate, the formula is CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 * 5H2O. The mix of iron results shades towards green, while the iron-free one is intense blue.
Overview: Prehnite is a hydrous, calcium-aluminum-silicate mineral, which is commonly found in cavities and "pillows" . Prehnite is an attractive mineral that can have a very good luster.
Gypsum: A soft, white mineral composed of hydrous sulfate of lime. It is used as plaster of Paris.
Gypsy setting: A setting in which the surface of the mount is virtually flush with the top of the gemstone.
Meerschaum - A fine, compact, usually white claylike mineral of hydrous magnesium silicate, H4Mg2Si3O10, found in the Mediterranean area and used in fashioning tobacco pipes and as a building stone. Also called sepiolite.
The opal may be considered along with the quartz gems, because, like them, it is composed mainly of oxide of silicon, but the opal also has water combined with the silicon oxide (not merely imprisoned in it). Thus opal is a hydrous form of silica ...
The chemical composition of turquoise is that of a hydrous copper aluminum phosphate with some iron, the composition varies from stone to stone.
Chemical Composition: hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum
Crystal System: triclinic (cryptocrystalline)
Hardness: 5-6
Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
Geographic Origins: Iran, southwestern U.S.
Sedimentary rocks crystallize from hydrous solutions on or near the earth’s surface, while metamorphic rocks re-crystallize from existing minerals that have been subjected to great pressure and high temperatures.
Etymology: Middle English turkeis, turcas, from Middle French turquoyse, from feminine of turquoys Turkish, from Old French, from Turc Turk
1 : a mineral that is a blue, bluish green, or greenish gray hydrous basic phosphate of copper and aluminum, ...
 See also: Mineral, Crystal, Color, Stone, Crystals
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