Substitute

Gem substitutes
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Substitute
A substance used to imitate a more valuable gemstone. The substitute substance may be natural or man-made.

Organic Substitute
Tagua nut replaced real ivory. It was brought from South America to England. This led to the setting up of a number of factories in France and England in 1862.

substitute 'YOUR NAME HERE', 'YOUR CITY HERE', 'YOUR COUNTRY HERE' and 'YOUR AGE HERE' by your name, city, country and age.
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SUBSTITUTE - In gemology, any substance represented to be or used to imitate a more valuable gemstone.
SYNTHETIC - A manmade gem material that has essentially the same physical, optical and chemical properties as that of its natural counterpart.

A manmade substitute stone which has the same chemical, physical and optical qualities as its naturally occurring counterpart. Synonymous with lab-created gemstones. Many are extremely valuable.
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A synthetic substitute for diamonds. To the untrained eye they are very similar in appearance though Cubic Zirconia has a Mohs hardness rating of 8 as opposed to 10 for a Diamond. They are also result in a heavier stone than similar sized diamond.

Cotton was no substitute for pure linen, even though, by the end of the 19th century, cotton tablecloths were widely used. Linen was far superior when starched, it creased less than cotton and provided a resilient glossy surface.

[edit] Salt substitutes
Main article: Salt substitute
Salt intake can be reduced by simply reducing the quantity of salty foods in a diet, without recourse to salt substitutes.

Alpaca
A silver substitute alloy consisting of about 55% copper, 20% nickel, 20% zinc, and about 5% tin ...

Citrine is often substituted for Yellow Topaz, which has been traditionally recognized as Novembers birthstone. Citrine is a yellow quartz which is a different gem family altogether than the Topaz family. The primary source of Citrine is Brazil.

There are 15 Jade substitutes. The one most frequently encountered in carvings is Serpentine, quite soft in comparison and quite inexpensive.

Pinchbeck - a substitute for gold invented by Christopher Pinchbeck in the 18th century, made from an alloy of copper and zinc.
Planishing - a hammering process which is done so that the piece of metal has a smoother finish.

A man made diamond substitute frequently mistaken for diamond. It does not occur as a natural stone.
Mounting / Setting
A term that describes an article of jewelry that holds gemstones.

This metal is a a silver substitute. AluminumAluminum is a lightweight, silver-white metal. When aluminum was first discovered in the 18th century, it was more valuable than gold. Now inexpensive, aluminum is used in many alloys.

Comments: high luster and dispersion, has been used as a diamond substitute Celestite ... celestine ... strontium sulfate
Colors: colorless, white, red brown, orange, light blue.
Luster: glassy
H: 3 - 3.5
SG:3.9 - 4 ...

Imitation:A man-made substitute for a valuable gem or metal that lacks the natural crystal or chemical composition of the original.

This metal is a a silver substitute. AluminumA lightweight, silver-white metal. AmazoniteAmazonite is an iridescent stone that ranges in color from green to blue-green. AmberA translucent fossilized tree resin (from conifers).

Many times confused with the term stalactitic, and many times substituted for that word. star dune A dune with three or four arms radiating from its usually higher center so that it resembles a star in shape.

Phosphate, arsenic and vanadium ions may substitute for one another within the three anion groups, forming series of solid solution.
The apatite group contains mineral species of each of the phosphate, arsenate, and vanadate classes.

The two stones are part of a solid solution series, which occurs when elements (in this case aluminum and iron) can occupy and substitute for each other within a mineral's structure. Chalcosiderite is only found in a few places in the U.S.A.

Impurity elements with the same valence, such as Cr3+, Fe3+ and V3+ will easily and happily substitute for Al3+ in the corundum structure. These elements require substitutions in the 0.1-3% range to produce significant color in corundum.

The highly refractive glass was an affordable substitute for diamond. Paste is generally colorless, but may be foil backed to simulate other gemstones. Old paste jewelry is highly collectible, mainly if manufactured in Czechoslovakia.

Color in diamonds arises from trace amounts of nitrogen (yellow) and/or boron (blue) that substitute for carbon and act as either electron donors or acceptors with electron energy transition levels that are within the visible spectrum.

White gold was substituted, and remained popular even after the war because of its lower cost and easier fabrication--however, in the last 15 years platinum has increased in popularity.

Although this chapter does not really belong in a Handbook of Diamond Grading, some of the most important diamond substitutes and their properties should be mentioned and short hints given to help to differentiate between them.

Mg and Fe substitute freely for each other in this structure, and all compositions between the two extremes, forsterite and fayalite, may occur.

White Gold: In the 1920s, white gold was created as a common substitute for platinum in jewellery. White gold is an alloy of gold mixed with white metals such as silver, palladium, or nickel.

Palladium is also used as a substitute for platinum, with the main benefit of having the lightest weight (specific gravity: 12.00) of all metals in the platinum group (iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, and ruthenium), ...

This creates a need for a good looking, less expensive substitute. As it turns out, the inexpensive flame fusion process which is used to make synthetic corundum and synthetic spinel in a great variety of colors, ...

While garnet is often seen as a ruby substitute, it can be appreciated for its wide selection of colors (including shades of red, orange, green and pink) and different varieties (like rhodalite, demantoid and malaya).

Apatite has appeared on the gem markets of the world as a very affordable substitute for Paraiba tourmaline. Canada is the source for the intense sea-blue and green stones can be easily mistaken for the much more expensive tourmalines.

Because of their high cost, there are many diamond substitutes. None of them match the look of diamonds, but some do come close. The most affordable diamond substitute is CZ, or cubic zirconia.

Plaster-mold casting is also similar to sand casting except that plaster is substituted for sand. Plaster compound is actually composed of 70-80% gypsum and 20-30% strengthener and water.

Various experiments followed with substitutes for white metal before sterling was chosen as the most suitable.

In early 20th century, white gold was created as a substitute for platinum. White gold is an alloy of gold mixed with metals such as silver, palladium, or nickel.

There was a time when diamonds were substituted with Zircons because of their brilliance. In fact, zircon gets its brilliance from its high refractive index.

(a) These guides apply to jewelry industry products, which include, but are not limited to, the following: gemstones and their laboratory-created and imitation substitutes; natural and cultured pearls and their imitations; ...

Much of this growth is the direct result of the recognition of these gemstones for their own merits, not just as inexpensive substitutes for natural gemstones. In 1993, the reported value of production of U.S.

It is considered the universal healing stone that has been used as a substitute for more expensive gemstones throughout time.

These ions can freely substitute in the crystal lattice and all three are usually present in every crystal although some specimens are almost 100% pure in one group. Gem-quality apatite is rare, particularly over one carat.

Most consumers buying a CZ ring have bought it as a diamond substitute, and believe that it looks like a real diamond ring. A good quality diamond of reasonable size would never be mounted in 9 carat gold, or even 14 carat.

While garnet is often viewed as a ruby substitute, it has its own unique qualities that can be appreciated on their own. It comes in a variety of colors, including many shades of red, from very pale to brick to a red-black.

" See what happens if you substitute the phrase, "your self-interest." Does that make you cringe? Do you ask yourself, "Does that mean I should put myself before someone else?" How do you feel about doing that?

true emerald from tourmaline and from glass imitations because, on account of the high value of fine emerald and its infrequent occurrence, there is perhaps more need for the ability to discriminate between it and its imitations and substitutes than ...

IMITATION PRODUCTS-SIMULANTS (SUBSTITUTES)
IMIT
"IMIT" is the tag code used for a manufactured product fabricated in such materials as glass, ceramic or plastic designated to imitate or resemble the appearance, ...

Palladium is used as a substitute for platinum or white gold. Palladium has a lovely silvery-white color so it does not require rhodium plating, and it is harder and less expensive than gold or platinum.

Alpaca is an alloy that is used as a substitute to silver.
Aluminum
Aluminum is a lightweight metal that is used today in alloys or for inexpensive jewelry. However, when it was discovered in the 18th Century it was more valuable than gold.

Used as a substitute for the more expensive lapis, although it does not have the gold flecks that the lapis contains.
Can be found in Canada, Greenland, Russia, India, Brazil, Namibia, and the U.S.A.

White sapphire is an excellent diamond substitute as it is brilliant and second only to diamond itself in hardness. Many larger white sapphires are illegally diffused with a blue coating and sold as blue sapphire. Large white sapphires are rare.

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Paste and strass have also been made into stones as cheap substitutes for a diamond. Rock crystal (quartz) has been given local misnomers as a diamond, e.g. Alaska diamond, Bristol diamond, Buxton diamond, Cornish diamond, etc.

Upon customer request, the diamond clarity may be substituted for I (Included), VVS (Very Very Slightly Included), IF (Internally Flawless), or Fl (Flawless) diamonds. The 4 C’s of a diamond
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Generally, acid copper is substituted for nickel in the plating process, since about 10% of the population is susceptible to nickel allergies. Palladium is then used as a barrier coat between the copper and the top-coat.

It is one one end member of a solid solution where the Iron may be substituted for Manganese. Ferberite (the iron end member) and Heubnerite (MnWO4) is the manganese end member.

Its relative affordability and lively green color has made it a popular substitute for those who cannot afford emeralds. The birthstone for August, peridot is also the recommended gem for couples celebrating their 16th wedding anniversary.

Prystal: Trade name for a glass substitute invented in Italy made of plastic.
Punches: Pointed tools used for stamping a design on a surface.
Pyralin: See French Ivory.

Horn
A substance often used as a substitute for tortoiseshell which is from cow horns
Ingot
A precious metal formed into a bar or brick by pouring molten metal into a mold ...

This great stone also works as a substitute of diamond by placing a silver or green-colored metal foil behind a cut goshenite gemstone and then placing it in a closed setting making sure that the foil goes undetected.

Pewter, Not Just A Cheap Substitute For Silver
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See also: Color, Stone, Jewel, Jewelry, Natural