Yttrium aluminum garnets, YAG, in colorless and green.
The first synthetics, produced in a size and at a cost to make them marketable, were synthetic rubies made by August Verneuil around 1900.
Yttrium: A silvery metallic element of the boron-aluminum group, found in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder.
yttrium aluminum garnet - an incorrect term for the synthetically grown compound of yttria and alumina. It forms cubic crystals similar to spinel. Its internal structure is like that of garnet, but garnet contains silica not alumina.
Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), Y3Al2(AlO4)3, is used for synthetic gemstone. When doped with neodymium (Nd3+), these YAl-garnets are useful as the lasing medium in lasers.
[edit] Geological importance of garnet ...
YAG: Yttrium aluminium garnet is a man-made material often used as a diamond simulant. Its physical properties are similar to that of a natural garnet.
Blue YAG (Yttrium Aluminium garnet-a synthetic crystalline material)
Refractive index- 1.83
Specific Gravity- 4.6 (approximately) affording it substantial heft as compared to tanzanite. Also it will not display Pleochroism.
Y.A.G. stands for Yttrium Aluminium Garnet, used as a somewhat unconvincing diamond simulant before cubic zirconia.
Yellow ...
Elements such as yttrium and europium have been cited (King; Dunham) as well as samarium and gadolinium (Bill/ Sierro & LaCroix).
the end
Strontian
Location photos ...
The mineral baddeleyite has the same chemical composition, but to become a CZ the mineral must be heated to almost 5000 degrees Fahrenheit and have an oxide stabilizer such as yttrium or calcium added to keep it from reverting back to its original ...
The usual materials used in making imitation diamonds are Fabulite [Strontium titanate or a ' Wellington diamond'], GGG [Gadolinium gallium garnet], Zircon [CZ], YAG [Yttrium aluminum garnet] and glass .
YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) is produced in a range of colors and colorless. Its dispersion exceeds that of diamond. Faceted YAG is frequently used as a diamond substitute.
Manmade garnets such as YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) and GGG (gallium gadolinium garnet) and other materials such as synthetic rutile and strontium titanate preceded cubic zirconia as diamond simulants but were never very convincing in that role.
Some varieties of fluorite include: Blue John (purple with bands of white or yellow), Chlorophane (thermoluminescent - emitting bright green light when heated), Yttrofluorite (yttrium replaces some of the calcium - formula = [Ca,Y]F2), ...
Almost all the cubic zirconia in the market today is chemically comprised of zirconium oxide and yttrium oxide.
YAG is an actonym for yttrium aluminum garnet, a man-made imitation diamond. This imitation stone lacks the fire of a natural diamond.
YELLOW GOLD
Yellow gold is gold that has been alloyed with a mix of 50% copper and 50% silver.
The mineral is associated with amesite, apatite, feldspar, iron ore, pyroxene, quartz and zircon, as well as the rare earth metals cerium and yttrium. Titanite can be mildly radioactive, with levels greater than 70 Bq/gram.
Strontium Titanate (Fabulite), Yttrium Aluminates (YAG), Galliant, Linobate, Djevalite, Zirconia.
Imitations
Various glasses.
Cubic zirconia is a man-made compound of zirconium, oxygen and yttrium, which was discovered in 1937. It lacks the silicon of a true zircon, and is, of course, very much younger.
The Czochralski pulled-growth method is used for ruby, sapphire, spinel, yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG), gadolinium-gallium-garnet (GGG), and alexandrite. Czochralski developed his method in about 1917.
A man-made material used in lasers that duplicates the atomic structure of garnet. Its technical name is YTTRIUM ALUMINUM GARNET. Colorless YAG is used as a simulant for diamond. It was replaced with Cubic Zirconia.
Zirconia ...
strontium titanate; lithium niobate; yttrium aluminium-garnet; cubic zirconia); however, they are generally considered as synthetic gemstones except when presented to imitate a natural gemstone, in which case they are considered a simulant.
in those years was along Washington Avenue, from 165th Street to 181st Street, where I prospected from 1886 to 1889, finding thousands of crystals, including Garnets, Tourmalines, Topazes, etc.-one Xenotime crystal, the phosphate of yttrium, ...
Carbonatites contain atypically high concentrations of rare earth elements such as titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), ...
 See also: Zircon, Zirconia, Zirconium, Zinc, Zoisite
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