Parties and privies are estopped from contradicting a written instrument by parol proof, but this rule does not apply to strangers. 10 John. 229.
was final; that the judicial decision was, or involved, a determination of the same question as that sought to be controverted in the litigation in which the estoppel is raised; (and) that the parties to the judicial decision, or their privies, ...
b : a specific doctrine that precludes relitigation of claims and issues arising from the same cause of action between the same parties and their privies after a final judgment on the merits by a competent tribunal or after some other final ...
 See also: Issue, Civil, Question, Action, Judgment
  
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