Start up costs are very low (threat of entry - low barriers to entry). Students have access to books, videos, and paper-based distance learning packs (product-for-product substitution).
Unfortunately, the increasing popularity of search engine ranking methodologies is helping to raise the barriers to entry - as more businesses, ad agencies and SEO firms concentrate their efforts on creating highly optimized web sites, ...
Patents aren't the only barriers to entry, requirements for the investment extremely high up-front capital costs or the need for expert skills that are in very short supply would also be barriers to entry.
Barriers to entry can also refer to any "hidden" cost established to reduce freedom of choice.
See also: Market, Marketing, Service, Communication, Customer
 
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