General circulation (global circulation, planetary circulation) of the atmosphere. Complete statistical description of atmospheric motions over the Earth.
Walker circulation
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Main article: Atmospheric circulation ...
circulation - 1. The flow or motion of a fluid in or through a given area or volume. 2. A precise measure of the average flow of fluid along a given closed curve.
circulation index"A measure of the magnitude of one of several aspects of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns.
Circulation
Have you draught-proofed your house by:
adding weather-strips to the lower edge of external doors and the toilet door?
hanging curtains which touch the windowsill or the floor?
filling up gaps round plumbing pipes, windows, etc.?
Circulation Cell A "package" of air with a distinct circulation pattern, i.e., a lake breeze.
Circulation- The pattern of the movement of air. General circulation is the flow of air of large, semi-permanent weather systems, while secondary circulation is the flow of air of more temporary weather systems.
Walker Circulation
The Walker circulation is an atmospheric circulation of air over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. It is caused by the pressure gradient force that results from high pressure over the eastern pacific and low pressure over Indonesia.
WALKER CIRCULATION A deep east-west overturning in the atmosphere normally confined to within about 20 degrees latitude of the equator extending from low-levels to near the tropopause.
Global Circulation - The general circulation of the atmosphere; the average flow of air over the entire globe.
General Circulation Model (GCM) - a type of numerical model used in Numerical Weather Prediction that represents a forecast of the long-term (e.g., months or years in the future) changes in the atmosphere globally ...
General Circulation
The totality of large-scale organized motion for the entire global atmosphere.
General Circulation Models ...
general circulation models Hydrodynamic models of the atmosphere on a grid or spectral resolution that determine the surface pressure and the vertical distributions of velocity, temperature, density, ...
General circulation - permalink - collapse
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The totality of large-scale organized motion for the entire global atmosphere.
NOAA National Weather Service - Cite This Source - This Definition ...
general circulation modelsA numerical representation of the climate system based on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of its components, their interactions, and feedback processes.
Circulation (or rotation) which is in the same sense as the Earth's rotation, i.e. counterclockwise (in the Northern Hemisphere) as would be seen from above.
OPEN CIRCULATION - A circulation of a weather system that does not form a complete circle. Commonly applied to troughs and shortwave disturbanced as well as tropical waves.
A closed-circulation low pressure area of tropical origin with maximum sustained winds of less than 34 knots.
Tropical storm
A storm of tropical origin with maximum sustained winds in the range of 34-63 knots.
*Cyclonic Circulation (or Cyclonic Rotation) - Circulation (or rotation) which is in the same sense as the Earth's rotation, i.e., counterclockwise (in the Northern Hemisphere) as would be seen from above.
Sea-breeze circulations most often occur on warm sunny days during the spring and summer when the temperature of the land is normally higher than the temperature of the water.
Study ocean circulation and its interaction with the atmosphere to understand climate change better;
Improve our knowledge of heat transport in the ocean;
Model global ocean tides; ...
GEMPAKGeneral Environmental Meteorological Package (programming language)GENGeneralGeneral CirculationThe totality of large-scale organized motion for the entire global atmosphere.
In Australia, it is described as atmospheric circulations that rotate clockwise in the southern hemisphere, and anti-clockwise in the northern hemisphere.
CATALINA EDDY A weak low pressure circulation that may form off the Southern California coast. CEILING The lowest cloud layer that is reported as broken or overcast. If the sky is totally obscured, then it is the height of the vertical visibility.
CIOChief Information OfficerCirculationThe flow, or movement, of a fluid (e.g., water or air) in or through a given area or volume.CirriformHigh altitude ice clouds with a very thin wispy appearance.
Tropical CycloneA warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone, originating over tropical or subtropical waters with organized deep convection and a closed surface wind circulation about a well-defined center.
Areas of circulation also can develop at either end of a bow echo, which sometimes can lead to tornado formation - especially in the left (usually northern) end, where the circulation exhibits cyclonic rotation.
This term is similar to dust whirl, although the latter typically refers to a circulation which contains dust but not necessarily any debris. A dust plume, on the other hand, does not rotate.
A blocking situation is attended by pronounced meridional flow in the upper levels, often comprising one or more closed anticyclonic circulations at high latitudes and cyclonic circulations at low latitudes (cut-off highs and cut-off lows).
Winds of the General Circulation
Winds above the turbulent region, at 2 km or higher, are remarkably constant and predictable.
Hemispheric Map Discussion (HMD): This discussion is issued once a day around 1 PM EST (2 PM EDT) and is primarily intended to provide insight into the hemispheric circulation patterns over the next 5 days.
WOCE This is another scientific acronym and stands for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, a multi-national research effort carried out under the World Climate Research Programme.
In the early 1950's, Hubert Lamb expanded upon a classification system originally proposed in an article in 'Weather', into the now widely used Lamb's circulation types.
cyclone—(1) An area of low atmospheric pressure which has a closed circulation that is cyclonic, i.e.
Closed Low - A low pressure area with a distinct center of cyclonic circulation which can be completely encircled by one or more isobars or height contour lines.
The most common type is an upper-level cold low with circulation extending to the surface layer and maximum sustained winds generally occurring at a radius of about 100 miles or more from the center.
Used in describing the history of a low pressure system or an area of cyclonic circulation, it means an increase in the central pressure of the system.
Anticyclonic: The wind circulation pattern in Highs, or anticyclones, that has a sense of rotation opposite to that of cyclones and the Earth's rotation. Also, any rotational pattern that is opposite to that of cyclones and the Earth's rotation.
Cyclone: a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
D
Day length: duration of the period from sunrise to sunset.
Cutoff low
Cyclonic circulation system that separates from the prevailing westerly airflow and therefore remains stationary.
D
Daily range of temperature
The difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures for any given day.
Monsoon
(Monsoon Circulation) Wind in the general atmospheric circulation, typified by a seasonally persistent wind direction and by a pronounced change in the direction from one season to another.
Funnel cloud A tornadic circulation extending below cloud base but not reaching the ground; made visible by a cone-shaped cloud.
G
Gamma radiation Electromagnetic radiation having very short wavelength and great penetrating power.
CLOSED LOW- A low pressure center having a closed circulation, which is used in reference to systems in the upper levels of the atmosphere. Closed lows will have one or more height contours encircling them.
CNVTN- Convection ...
CONVECTION - A vertical circulation of air which results from warm air rising, cooling and then descending.
COORDINATED TURN - A turn in which slip or skid does not occur.
(1) An upper level cold low with circulation extending to the surface and maximum sustained winds generally occurring at a radius of about 100 miles or more from the pressure center.
Suction Vortex (sometimes Suction Spot) - A small but very intense vortex within a tornado circulation. Several suction vortices typically are present in a multiple-vortex tornado.
Cyclone A severe tropical storm (i.e., winds >64 knots) in the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. See also Hurricane and Typhoon. The term is also applied to closed circulations in the mid latitudes and also popularly to small scale circulations ...
The violent downdraft having shared the circulation with the updraft now strangles it.
Precipitation weakens and the thunderstorm, a short lived creature, weakens and dies.
Scales of motion The hierarchy of atmospheric circulations from tiny gusts to giant storms.
Scattering The process by which small particles in the atmosphere deflect radiation from its path into different directions.
Equatorial Air: Mass of humid and unstable air of equatorial circulation.
Evaporation: Transformation process from liquid water into vapor.
TROPICAL DISTURBANCE: An organized mass of tropical thunderstorms, with a slight cyclonic circulation, and winds less than 20 knots.
TROPICAL STORM: An organized cyclone in the tropics with wind speed between 35 and 64 knots.
Waterspout - A rapidly rotating column of air extending from a cumulonimbus cloud with a circulation that reaches the surface of the water, (i.e. a tornado over water).
Commonly Used Weather Terminology ...
CISK - Conditional Instability of the Second Kind. A cooperative interaction between the large scale circulation and smaller scale perturbations.
Cirro- - Prefix used to define high-level clouds.
Funnel Cloud - A tornado that doesn't reach the ground. It has a rotating cone-shaped column of air extending downward from the base of a cumulonimbus or thunderstorm cloud, but whose circulation does not make contact with the ground.
latitude) and initially has non-tropical features (see table below for a list of tropical features) but does have some element of a tropical cyclone's cloud structure (located close to the center rather than away from the center of circulation).
Radioactive tracers such as 14C and 90Sr have been used to test models of stratospheric circulation. Certain atmospheric gases have also been used as tracers in ocean waters, for example, the chlorofluorocarbons.
Anticyclone An area of high atmospheric pressure which has a closed circulation that is anticyclonic (clockwise in northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in southern hemisphere).
 See also: Air, Surface, Pressure, High, Temperature
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