Energy

Energy Portal Climate change refers to the variation in the Earth's green house or regional climates over time.

Energy - the capacity for doing work and overcoming resistance Entropy - the amount of Energy that is not available for work during a certain process ...

Energy that a body has as a result of its motion. Mathematically, it is defined as one-half the product of a body's mass and the square of its speed (KE = 1/2 * mass * velocity squared). Klystron ...

Energy: The capacity to do work. Energy must be conserved, though it can be converted between different forms. Equinoxes: The time at which the Sun passes directly overhead at the equator at noon.

Energy Helicity Index (or EHI) - An index that incorporates vertical shear and instability, designed for the purpose of forecasting supercell thunderstorms.

Energy budget(1) A quantitative description of the energy exchange for a physical or ecological system. The budget includes terms for radiation, conduction, convection, latent heat, and for sources and sinks of energy. Enhanced Greenhouse Effect(5) ...

ENERGY-HELICITY INDEX - An important instability and directional wind-shear index for determining the severity of thunderstorms based on the CAPE and helicity present in the storm environment.

The energy of motion of a spinning body or mass of air or water. Its value depends on the mass of the body, its radius of spin, and its rate of spin. Angular Velocity: ...

The energy produced by the sun. Solstice The time of year when the sun is the farthest north or the farthest south (about June 21 and December 21).

The energy return of a radar signal after it has hit the target. Related term: radar echo ECLIPSE ...

E0670 Energy equation Relationship between some of the different forms of energy (thermal, potential, kinetic, chemical, electrical) manifest in the atmosphere.

Solar Energy- The energy produced by the sun. Solstice- The time of year when the sun is the farthest north or the farthest south (about June 21 and December 21). Squall Line- A line of thunderstorms that forms along a front.

Solar Energy- The energy produced by the sun. Sounder- A special kind of radiometer that measures changes in atmospheric temperature with height, as well as the content of various chemical species in the atmosphere at various levels.

kinetic energy"The energy that a body possesses as a consequence of its motion, defined as one- half the product of its mass and the square of its speed, (1/2)mv2.

Kinetic energy- The energy within a body that is a result of its motion. Knot- A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. One knot equals 1.15 mid/hr. L ...

Radiant energy (radiation) Energy propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves. These waves do not need molecules to propagate them, and in a vacuum they travel at nearly 300,000 km per sec.

Surface energy budget: the energy or heat budget at the earth's surface, considered in terms of the fluxes through a plane at the earth-atmosphere interface. The energy budget includes radiative, sensible, latent and ground heat fluxes.

potential energy - The energy a system has by virtue of its position; the negative of the work done in taking a system from a reference configuration, where the potential energy is assigned the value zero, to a given configuration, ...

Radiation Energy emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves. Radiation has differing characteristics depending upon the wavelength.

ECHO The energy return of a radar signal after it has hit the target. Related term: radar echo ECLIPSE The obscuring of one celestial body by another. Related terms: lunar eclipse and solar eclipse ...

Echo - The energy received on radar that results from back-scattered energy; indicates the presence of precipitation (targets). EL - Equilibrium Level.  The level where unstable air becomes stable again.

Radiation: energy transport through electromagnetic waves. See shortwave radiation and longwave radiation. Radiation fog: a fog that forms when outgoing longwave radiation cools the near-surface air below its dew point temperature.

LATENT HEAT- Energy released or absorbed that changes the temperature of the surrounding environment but NOT the material releasing or absorbing the latent heat.

HEAT A form of energy transferred between two systems by virtue of a difference in temperature. The first law of thermodynamics demonstrated that the heat absorbed by a system may be used by the system to do work or to raise its internal energy.

Heat A form of energy transferred between systems by virtue of their temperature differences. Heat capacity The ratio of the heat absorbed (or released) by a system to the corresponding temperature rise (or fall).

A measure of the energy in the air. The more heat energy in the air, the higher the temperature. As the surface warms in reaction to the sun's heat, it also warms the air above it.

Latent Heat: The energy released or absorbed during a change of state. For example, the change of water vapour to liquid water releases the latent heat of condensation.

Insolation - heat energy that arrives at the surface of the earth. Inversion - a layer of very stable air. Temperature increases with height. Subsidence inversion - sinking air compresses and becomes warmer than air below.

Latent Heat - The energy absorbed or released during a change of state. Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum - The product of the velocity of an object around a center of rotation (axis) and the distance of the object from the axis is constant.

LANGLEY: A unit of energy per unit area, equal to 1 gramcalorie/cm² and commonly employed in radiation measurement. LEEWARD: Facing away from the wind.

Radar Cross SectionThe area of a fictitious, perfect reflector of electromagnetic waves (e.g., metal sphere) that would reflect the same amount of energy back to the radar as the actual target (e.g., lumpy snowflake).

It is a unit of heat energy. CAP Composed of a layer of warmer, dryer air aloft which may suppress or delay the development of thunderstorms. As an air parcel rises into this area, it becomes too cool to rise further. Also referred to as a lid.

Solar Panel Electronics: A panel that is made up of solar cells which are capable of collecting energy fromsunlight. Solder DIY: A metallic alloy designed to melt at relatively low temperatures and solidify quickly, used to join two metal surfaces.

In scattering no energy transformation results, only a change in the spatial distribution of the radiation. Along with absorption, scattering is a major cause of the attenuation of radiation by the atmosphere.

Gamma RayA type of electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength and high energy level. Generally, emitted during radioactive decay of a substance.

First Law of ThermodynamicsThe law of physics that states that the heat absorbed by a system either raises the internal energy of the system or does work on the environment.

Department of Energy. Science Team Executive Committee (STEC) The committee that provides recommendations, prioritization, coordination of activities, and program vision to the U.S.

sea surface temperature anomalies Temperature of emitted energy from the sea surface. SST anomaly = (SST - SST mean).

Back Scatter: A signal that is energy reflected by precipitation or ground clutter. Ball Lightning: It is a rare ball of electrical charged air redish in color which last for a very short duration.

They are fed by the energy released from moist warm air from the summer-heated tropical seas, producing equatorial rain bands and low pressure. The Atlantic season lasts from June to November.

The value of Z is a function of the amount of radar beam energy that is backscattered by a target and detected as a signal (or echo). Higher values of Z (and dBZ) thus indicate more energy being backscattered by a target.

This process releases energy to the atmosphere (at the rate of 585 calories per gram of water).

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If the transmitted radio signal reaches a target, then most of the energy is scattered, but some will be reflected back to the radar receiver. The presence of the target can be confirmed by the reflected signal.

CAPE - Convective Available Potential Energy. A measure of the amount of energy available for convection.

When the sun's energy reaches the earth some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed. The absorbed energy warms the earth's surface which then emits heat energy back toward space as longwave radiation.

Such ascent/descent is said to be adiabatic, which means that the energy/heat changes are confined to that particular parcel. Provided the parcel is warmer (less dense) than the environmental air through which it is passing, it is buoyant, and rises.

Color enhancement is a procedure where specified levels of energy -- in this example, infrared energy -- are given a specific color. this makes locations with the desired energies easier to locate.

INSIDE SLIDER: A term used to describe a weather system that moves into California from the northwest, with the bulk of the system's energy moving inland toward the Sierra Nevada and the Great Basin.

AURORA It is created by the radiant energy emission from the sun and its interaction with the earth's upper atmosphere over the middle and high latitudes.

Once formed, a tropical cyclone is maintained by the extraction of heat energy from the ocean at high temperature and heat export at the low temperatures of the upper troposphere.

Radiation 1) Emission or transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. 2) The process by which electromagnetic radiation is propagated through free space by virtue of joint undulatory variations in the electric and magnetic fields in space.

The expansion results in cooling because energy is used to separate the molecules. Sinking air compresses as the pressure of the surrounding air increases (there is more air above it).

convection: vertical energy transfer in the atmosphere. cooling degree day: a measurement used to determine how much fuel will be needed to cool indoor environments.

echo—In radar, (1) the energy reflected or scattered by a target; (2) the radar scope presentation of the return from a target. eddy—A local irregularity of wind in a larger scale wind flow. Small scale eddies produce turbulent conditions.

ANGULAR MOMENTUM - the energy of motion of a spinning body or mass of air or water. ANTICYCLONE- A large area of high pressure around which the winds blow clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

Latent Heat- the heat energy that must be absorbed when a substance changes from solid to liquid and liquid to gas, and which is released when a gas condenses and a liquid solidifies.

Radiation Emission or transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Radon A gas emitted by radioactive material in the Earth's crust and forming a minute constituency of the air near the ground.

temperature: measure of the quantity of thermal energy in a substance. High temperature indicates more heat energy than low temperature.

Period of the peak of the energy spectrum. TP2 Period corresponding to the second biggest peak of the energy spectrum.

See also: Temperature, Air, Water, Atmosphere, Surface