horizon"One of several lines or planes used as reference for observation and measurement relative to a given location on the surface of the earth, and referred generally to a horizontal direction (i.e., at right angles to the zenith).
horizontal range
The maximum distance in the horizontal direction that one can see; usually this observation is made from a near surface position. Compare with slant range.
hot-wire anemometer ...
Horizon - the distant line along with the earth and sky appear to meet, where nearby obstructions are not considered as part of the horizon ...
HORIZONTAL VORTICITY- A rotation of air caused by vertical speed or directional wind shear.
Horizontal movement of air, moisture, or heat.
Advection Fog
Fog formed by warm, humid air flowing over colder surface ...
HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF LIFT - Another term for centripetal force. The center-seeking force which causes an airplane to turn.
HULL - The exterior surface of a float.
HUMIDITY - The amount of water vapor contained in the air.
HORIZONTAL VORTEX - A vortex that is nearly horizontal to the ground. Most common near the inflow regions of strong to violent tornadoes, such as those F4 or higher.
A horizontal surface used as a zero point for measurement of stage or gage height.
A horizontal, tail-shaped cloud (not a funnel cloud) at low levels extending from the precipitation cascade region of a supercell toward the wall cloud (i.e., it usually is observed extending from the wall cloud toward the north or northeast).
A horizontally layered accumulation of snow from snowfall events, which may be modified by meteorological conditions over time.
Solar constant(1) ...
The horizontal motion of the air past a given point. Winds begin with differences in air pressures. Pressure that's higher at one place than another sets up a force pushing from the high toward the low pressure.
The horizontal distance between two successive wave crests.
Wave period
The time taken for two wave crests to pass a fixed point.
Wind: Horizontal movement of the air, relating to the surface of the Earth.
A low, horizontal wedge-shaped cloud, associated with a thunderstorm gustfront or a cold front, even in the absence of thunderstorms. Unlike the roll cloud, the shelf cloud is attached to the base of the parent cloud above it (usually a thunderstorm).
A low, horizontal cloud formation associated with the leading edge of thunderstorm outflow (i.e. the gustfront). Roll clouds and shelf clouds both are types of arcus clouds.
Arid ...
This is a horizontal, low-level cross-section of a "classic" supercell. The storm is characterized by a large precipitation area on radar, and a pendant or hook-shaped echo wrapping cyclonically around the updraft area.
A steady, horizontal wind flowing along curved isobars is called gradient wind. Where there is imbalance between the pressure gradient and Coriolis forces.
CURRENT
A horizontal movement of water, such as the Gulf Stream off the east coast of North America, or air, such as the jet stream.
Wind - The horizontal movement of air relative to the earth's surface.
Wind Chill - The combined cooling effect of wind and temperature is called wind chill. The wind chill factor is a measure of this cooling effect.
Advection-Horizontal transport of air or atmospheric properties, such as wind.
Cold Front-The discontinuity at the forward edge of and advancing cold air mass that is displacing a warmer and often higher in moisture air mass.
Advection- Horizontal movement of air, moisture, or heat.
Advection Fog- Fog formed by warm, humid air flowing over colder ground or water.
Air Mass- A large body of air with nearly uniform temperature and moisture content.
Rain Foot - A horizontal bulging near the surface in a precipitation shaft, forming a foot-shaped prominence. It is a visual indication of a wet microburst.
Advection: Horizontal transport of an atmospheric property.
Aerosols: Tiny solid or liquid particles that are suspended in the atmosphere.
advection: Horizontal transport of temperature, pressure, moisture or some other atmospheric attribute solely by the wind.
aerosol: particulate matter put into the atmosphere. Examples are smoke and dust.
Advection: the horizontal transport of atmospheric properties.Advection fog: a fog that forms when warm air flows over a cold surface and cools from below until dew point is reached.
A rainbow from horizon to horizon
The rainbow has a place in legend due to its beauty and the difficulty in explaining the phenomenon before Galileo's treatise on the properties of light.
where L is the horizontal distance between the projector light and the detecting instrument and E is the elevation angle of the spot of light.
SUN PILLAR Horizontal ice crystals in the form of plates, which occur in clouds and ice fog near the earth's surface, reflect sunlight into vertical sun pillars for a spectacular display.
A radar plot of horizontal winds, derived from VAD data, as a function of height above a Doppler Radar.
Advection - Horizontal movement of air or atmospheric properties, such as temperature, moisture and vorticity, to indicate the trends of that property; "horizontal convection".
Alto- - Prefix used to define mid-level clouds.
Advection - Horizontal convective motion (wind).
Advection Fog - Fog formed when warm moist air is blown over a cool surface and chilled below- the dew point.
Aerosols - Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere.
Tail Cloud A horizontal, tail-shaped cloud (not a funnel cloud) at low levels extending from the precipitation cascade region of a supercell toward the wall cloud (i.e.
ADVECTION The horizontal transfer of any property in the atmosphere by the movement of air (wind). Examples include heat and moisture advection.
Advection- the horizontal transport of air, moisture, vorticity or other atmospheric properties; commonly used in describing the transport of moisture and temperature.
Ball lightningA relatively rarely seen form of lightning, generally consisting of an orange or reddish ball of the order of a few cm to 30cm in diameter and of moderate luminosity, which may move up to 1 m/s horizontally with a lifetime of a second ...
It can occur vertically, such as a change with height, or horizontally. Directional shear is a frequent change in direction within a short distance, which can also occur vertically or horizontally. This can also occur vertically or horizontally.
Rain FootSlang for a horizontal bulging near the surface in a precipitation shaft, forming a foot-shaped prominence. It is a visual indication of a wet microburst.Rain ForestA forest which grows in a region of heavy annual precipitation.
TPWTotal Precipitable WaterTraceIn hydrologic terms, a hydrograph or similar plot for an extended-range time horizon showing one of many scenarios generated through an ensemble forecast process.
Rain gauge Instrument for measuring the depth of water from precipitation that is assumed to be distributed over a horizontal, impervious surface and not subject to evaporation.
Chernozem (Tchernozem) A major group of dark-colored zonal soils with a rich and deep humus horizon occurring in temperate-to-cool, subhumid climates.
Astronomical DawnThe time at which the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon in the morning. Astronomical dawn is that point in time at which the sun starts lightening the sky. Prior to this time during the morning, the sky is completely dark.
Solar Angle: Low:"Low Solar Angle" when the Sun is low on the horizon. Solar Halo: A ring around the Sun produced by cirrostratus clouds which consist of ice crystals Solar Wind: Is produced by charged ion particles escaping from the Sun.
The sunlit parts of these clouds are mostly brilliant white; their bases are relatively dark and nearly horizontal. Near the horizon the vertical development of cumulus often causes the individual clouds to appear merged.
An air mass is classically defined as a large body of air (many hundreds to a few thousands of km in extent),having quasi-uniform horizontal temperature and humidity characteristics.
It is a region of intense interactions among radiative, dynamical, and chemical processes, in which horizontal mixing of gaseous components proceeds much more rapidly than vertical mixing.
This means that a very small horizontal force, acting for relatively short times, could give rise to very high velocities, which are not observed.
Shelf Cloud - A low-level horizontal accessory cloud that appears to be wedge-shaped as it approaches. It is usually attached to the thunderstorm base and forms along the gust front.
Cup anemometer is used to measure the wind speed from the speed of rotation of a windmill which consist of 3 or 4 hemispherical or conical cups, each fixed to the ends of horizontal arms attached to a vertical axis.
Freezing Rain: Rain that falls as liquid drops but freezes upon impact with horizontal or vertical surfaces. Freezing rain is characterized as either glaze or rime depending on the nature of the ice.
divergence—The condition that exists when the distribution of winds within a given area is such that there is a net horizontal flow of air outward from the region.
(2) A mesoscale cyclone originating in or near a frontolyzing zone of horizontal wind shear, with radius of maximum sustained winds generally less than 30 miles.
Air mass advection Horizontal movement of air or air masses from one place to another.
Air mass modification Changes in the temperature, humidity, or stability of an air mass as it travels away from its source region. ...
Jet Stream
Flat tubular, quasi-horizontal, current of air generally near the tropopause, whose axis is along a line of maximum speed and which is characterized by great speeds and strong vertical and horizontal wind shears.
A body of air that extends hundreds or thousands of kilometers horizontally and is relatively uniform in temperature and moisture content (see continental arctic, continental polar, continental tropical, maritime polar, ...
VISIBILITY: The greatest distance at which it is possible with the unaided eye to recognize a prominent dark object against the horizon sky.
A second type of subtropical cyclone is a mesoscale low originating in or near a frontolyzing zone of horizontal wind shear, with radius of maximum sustained winds generally less than 30 miles.
Sunset - The time the sun disappears below the horizon.
Supercell - A severe thunderstorm whose updrafts and downdrafts are in near balance for several hours. Supercells often produce large hail and tornadoes.
Fronts - baroclinic divisions in the atmosphere. Zones between air masses where temperature changes quite rapidly with horizontal distance.
Cold Front - a front where the colder air is advancing and the warm air is retreating ...
Ground Fog - A shallow layer of fog (less than 20 feet thick) on the ground that reduces visibility more in the horizontal than in the vertical.
The difference between downward and upward (total) radiation; net flux of all radiation. Derived using an instrument that measures the net flux of downward and upward total (solar and terrestrial) radiation through a horizontal surface.
NEXRAD ...
 See also: Air, Surface, Weather, Temperature, Wind
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