Kilometer (km) Metric unit of distance equal to 3,280.8 feet or .621 statute miles.
Knot Unit of speed of one nautical mile (6,076.1 feet) an hour.
KSC (Kennedy Space Center) See NASA Centers.
KILOMETER - A thousand (1000) meters for metric measurement of length. This is about 3,300 feet.
9 Kilometers Per Hour (KM/HR)
Each short barb represents 5 knots, each long barb 10 knots. A long barb and a short barb is 15 knots, simply by adding the value of each barb together (10 knots + 5 knots = 15 knots).
MICROBURST- A 4 kilometer diameter or less downdraft of air that sinks due to strong negative buoyancy.
A tropopause of 11 kilometers (approximately 36,000 feet) with a temperature of −56.5° C; and
An isothermal lapse rate in the stratosphere to an altitude of 24 kilometers (approximately 80,000 feet).
In the United Kingdom, fog is described to occur when visibility less than one kilometer. In Australia, it is defined as a dense mass of small water droplets or particles in the lower atmosphere.
65 degrees Celsius per 100 meters up to 11 kilometers in the atmosphere. STANDARD SURFACE PRESSURE The measurement of one atmosphere of pressure under standard conditions. It is equivalent to 1,013.25 millibars, 29.
MacroscaleLarge scale, characteristic of weather systems several hundred to several thousand kilometers in diameter.
8° per kilometer.adiabatic processA process that takes place without a transfer of heat between the system (e.g., an air parcel) and its surroundings.
For the earth, this layer is considered to be roughly the lowest one or two kilometers of the atmosphere.
Solar Wind: The solar wind moves on average about 400 kilometers per sec/ 250 mps. It takes 2-3 days for the solar particles to reach the Earth. Source Regions: Regions where an air mass forms. (Example: The Arctic).
lightning - Lightning is a transient, high-current electric discharge with pathlengths measured in kilometers. The most common source of lightning is the electric charge separated in ordinary thunderstorm clouds (cumulonimbus).
Extratropical CycloneA cyclone in the middle and high latitudes often being 2000 kilometers in diameter and usually containing a cold front that extends toward the equator for hundreds of kilometers.
It typically may have an along-flow length scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers and a cross- flow length scale of < 100 km.
The scale of the effect can be seen by taking the distance from the North Pole to the Equator, which is a quarter of the circumference, roughly 10,000 kilometers. The missile, or any other object, must gain 1670 km/h divided by 10,000 = 0.
Size: Area of cloud top -32 degrees C or less: 100,000 square kilometers or more (slightly smaller than the state of Ohio), and area of cloud top -52 degrees C or less: 50,000 square kilometers or more.
definition includes specific minimum criteria for size, duration, and eccentricity (i.e., "roundness"), based on the cloud shield as seen on infrared satellite photographs: Size: Area of cloud top -32 degrees C or less: 100,000 square kilometers or ...
Hurricane - (also known as (Typhoon, Tropical Cyclones, Willy- Willies) Tropical storms with wind speeds of 64 knots (117km/h) up to 240 knots (414 km/h) that can be thousands of square kilometers in size.
UV at the surface increases about 6% per kilometer above sea level. Clear skies allow 100% of the incoming UV radiation from the sun to reach the surface, whereas scattered clouds transmit 89%, broken clouds transmit 73%, ...
Mesoscale Pertaining to atmospheric phenomena having horizontal scales ranging from a few to several hundred kilometers, including thunderstorms, squall lines, fronts, precipitation bands in tropical and extratropical cyclones, ...
Jet Stream - Relatively strong winds that are concentrated in a narrow band in the atmosphere. Jet Streams are usually thousands of kilometers long, hundreds of kilometers wide but only a few kilometers thick.
Hurricane- A tropical storm that has winds of 119 kilometers per hour or higher; typically about 600 kilometers across.
Ice ages- Cold time periods in Earth's history, during which glaciers covered large parts of the surface.
The scale of meteorological phenomena that range in size from several kilometers to around 100 kilometers. This includes MCCs, MCSs, and squall lines. Smaller phenomena are classified as microscale while larger are classified as synoptic-scale.
high clouds: clouds found between 3-8 kilometers (10000-25000 feet) in polar regions and 6-18 kilometers (20000-60000 feet) in tropical regions. Contains cirriform clouds (cirrus, cirrocumulus, and cirrostratus).
A body of air that extends hundreds or thousands of kilometers horizontally and is relatively uniform in temperature and moisture content (see continental arctic, continental polar, continental tropical, maritime polar, ...
NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS Rarely seen clouds of tiny ice particles that form approximately 75 to 90 kilometers above the earth's surface. They have been seen only during twilight (dusk and dawn) during the summer months in the higher latitudes.
It has a resolution of 75 kilometers and covers the entire northern hemisphere. This model comes from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) which is an international organization supported by 18 European Member States.
Air mass A huge volume of air covering thousands of square kilometers that is relatively uniform in temperature and water vapor concentration.
Air mass advection Horizontal movement of air or air masses from one place to another.
Ozone layer the region of the stratosphere containing the bulk of atmospheric ozone The ozone layer lies approximately 15-40 kilometers (10-25 miles) above the Earth's surface, in the stratosphere.
An extensive body of the atmosphere whose physical properties, particularly temperature and humidity, exhibit only small and continuous differences in the horizontal. It may extend over an area of several million square kilometers and over a depth of ...
Troposphere - The layer of the atmosphere from the ground to around 33,000 feet (10 kilometers). This is where much of the weather we experience occurs.
Volume - The amount of space occupied by a substance or object.
Heterosphere - A zone of the atmosphere beyond about 80 kilometers where the gases are arranged into four roughly spherical shells, each with a distinctive composition.
The earth's atmosphere extending upward from above the planetary boundary layer (or above altitudes ranging between 1-2 kilometers above ground level), where effects of the earth's surface friction upon air motion are negligible.
frequency ...
Macroscale - A large scale event usually measured in 10,000's of kilometers and weeks of time; a planetary scale event; e.g. long waves in the jet stream.
hurricane- an extremely low-pressure, destructive weather cell of tropical origin with wind speeds in excess of 74 miles per hour (119 kilometers per hour). Hurricanes causes widespread flooding and wind damage in North America and the Caribbean.
Fog: Obstruction of visibility in the superficial layers of the atmosphere, caused by suspended water droplets. By convention, the term applies when the visibility is below one kilometer.
The following examples illustrate the use of these prefixes: 0.000,001 meters = 1 micrometer = 1¾m; 1000 meters = 1 kilometer = 1 km; 1,000,000 cycles per second = 1,000,000 hertz = 1 megahertz =1 MHz..
Its lower boundary is often called the critical level of escape, where gas atoms are so widely spaced that they rarely collide with one another and have individual orbits. It is estimated to be some 400 plus miles (640 kilometers) above the surface.
experienced by a parcel of air when it is lifted in the atmosphere under the restriction that it cannot exchange heat with its environment. For parcels that remain unsaturated during lifting, the (dry adiabatic) lapse rate is 9.8°C per kilometer.
Ice shelves have formed along polar coasts (e.g., Antarctica and Greenland); they are very wide with some extending several hundreds of kilometers toward the sea from the coastline.
Specifically, the term most often refers to the planetary boundary layer, which is the layer within which the effects of friction are significant. For the earth, this layer is considered to be roughly the lowest one or two kilometers of the ...
During the northern hemisphere winter, a number of pollution plumes originating over India and the Asian continent can be tracked for hundreds of kilometers out over the Indian Ocean.
 See also: Air, Surface, Atmosphere, Weather, Temperature
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