Atmospheric and ocean optics is the application of optics and radiative transfer to problems in the atmosphere and ocean.
Subcategories
There are 3 subcategories in this category, which are shown below. More may be shown on subsequent pages.
Evaporation over Oceans where nearly 80% of water evaporation occurs ...
ocean conveyor belt"The global recirculation of water masses that determines today's climate. The conveyor belt is driven by the sinking of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) through cooling of the surface water in the Greenland and Labrador Seas.
Ocean Prediction Center (OPC) This is one of 9 centers that comprises the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The Ocean Prediction Center (OPC) is an integral component of NCEP.
Ocean Currents
The world's oceans play an important role in global climate variability. Slow moving currents driven by differences in temperature and salinity link the major sources of heating and cooling across the ocean basins.
Oceanography
The study of the ocean, embracing and integrating all knowledge pertaining to the ocean's physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics of sea water, and marine biology.
OCFNT ...
Oceanography - permalink - collapse
All > Science > Weather
The study of the ocean, embracing and integrating all knowledge pertaining to the ocean's physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics of sea water, and marine biology.
ocean - 1. The intercommunicating body of saltwater occupying the depressions of the earth's surface. 2. One of the major primary subdivisions of the above, bounded by continents, the equator, and other imaginary lines. See sea.
ocean mixing Processes that involve rates of advection, upwelling/ downwelling, and eddy diffusion and that determine how rapidly excess atmospheric carbon dioxide can be taken up by the oceans.
Ocean The salt water surrounding the great land masses. The land masses divide the ocean into several distinct portions, each of which also is called an ocean.
An ocean wave produced by a sub-marine earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption. These waves may reach enormous dimensions and have sufficient energy to travel across entire oceans.
Tule Fog ...
A warm ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic to the coast of western Europe.
Gust
A sudden, brief increase in wind speed lasting for at least 20 seconds.
In the oceans of the northern hemisphere, wind-driven surface currents spiral to the right with depth as a result of friction and the Coriolis force (rotation of the Earth). This motion traces an imaginary clockwise descending spiral.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Techncial Memorandum NWS SR-145: A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather Terms for Storm Spotters, Michael Branick, NOAA/WFO Norman
Acknowledgements (from NOAA Technical Memo NWS SR-145): ...
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOAA Weather Radio
"The voice of the National Weather Service" - NOAA Weather Radio broadcasts National Weather Service warnings, watches, forecasts and other hazard information 24 hours a day.
Either an oceanic region with coherent features (e.g. the north Indian Ocean Basin), or a set of bathymetric data for use in numerical models.
Bathymetry
The shape of the sea bed.
ANTARCTIC OCEAN
Although not officially recognized as a separate ocean body, it is commonly applied to those portions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans that reach the Antarctic continent on their southern extremes.
SWELL Ocean waves that have traveled out of their generating area. Swell characteristically exhibits a more regular and longer period and has flatter wave crests than waves within their fetch.
SWELL - An ocean wave generated from a distant source, such as a storm system. Swell waves can travel great distances with very little energy loss. For example, most waves in Hawaii are generated by storms thousands of miles away.
SWELLS: Ocean waves of regular and longer duration than wind waves.
29. National Oceanogrpahic Data Center
30. NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data & Information Service
31. United States Departments Of Government ...
Answer: Ocean Temperatures in the 1930's Were Unstable
Scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center recently used a computer model and satellite data to examine climate over the past century.
El Niño- Linked ocean and atmospheric events, which have worldwide effects, characterized by warming of the water in the tropical Pacific from around the International Date Line to the coast of Peru.
NOAA - National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
Nowcast - A short-term weather forecast, generally out to six hours or less.
NSSFC - National Severe Storms Forecast Center, in Kansas City MO; now known as SPC.
NOAA - National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
Nocturnal - Related to nighttime, or occurring at night.
gulf stream: ocean current flowing along the coast of the Eastern United States to Ireland, Great Britain, and the Scandivanian countries, making the latter three warmer than they otherwise would be.
(return to top)H ...
Arctic airA mass of very cold, dry air that usually originates over the Arctic Ocean north of Canada and Alaska.Arctic highA very cold high pressure that originates over the Arctic Ocean.
SALT WATER The water of the ocean, distinguished from fresh water by its appreciable salinity. SAND Loose particles of hard, broken rock or minerals.
While traveling in the deep oceans, tsunami have extremely long wavelengths, often exceeding 50 nm, with small amplitudes (a few tens of centimeters) and negligible wave steepness, ...
Climate Diagnostics Bulletin(CDB) - The monthly CPC Bulletin reports on the previous months' status of the ocean-atmosphere climate system and provides various seasonal ENSO-related outlooks. It is issued by the fifteenth of the month.
Gap WindsStrong winds channeled through gaps in the Pacific coastal ranges, blowing out into the Pacific Ocean or into the waterways of the Inside Passage.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Canadian hardness-gauge A type of disk hardness-gauge, especially useful in relatively soft snow. See disk hardness gauge.
El NiñoMeans literally, the Christ child, a name given to an extensive ocean warming in the equatorial eastern Pacific along the coast of Peru and Ecuador that often begins around Christmas (hence, the name).
Such models require knowledge of the atmosphere and oceans that are beyond us at the moment, and computing power that can represent all the processes that are going on all the time. A rather tall order.
Hurricanes occur along the western boundaries of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, in both northern and southern hemispheres, except for the South Atlantic, which has no hurricanes.
Of the 7 billion tons, only about three billion tons stays in the atmosphere; the rest is absorbed by plants and the oceans.
The Walker circulation is an atmospheric circulation of air over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. It is caused by the pressure gradient force that results from high pressure over the eastern pacific and low pressure over Indonesia.
"NEXRAD" is short for NEXt generation RADar and refers to the nationwide network of Doppler radar sites installed by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
It is most often applied to the seasonal reversals of the wind direction along the shores of the Indian Ocean, especially in the Arabian Sea, that blow from the southwest during one half of the year and from the northeast during the other.
AO&SS - Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences (building)
AOS - (Department of) Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
AOT - Aerosol Optical Thickness
APP - AVHRR Polar Pathfinder
ASPT - Advanced Satellite Products Team (NOAA/ORA) ...
A closed low which has become completely displaced (cut off) from the basic westerly current which flows across Australia's southern oceans, and moves independently of that current (not including Tropical cyclones).
A semi-permanent, subtropical area of high pressure in the North Atlantic Ocean off the East Coast of North America that migrates east and west with varying central pressure. Depending on the season, it has different names.
I studied meteorology at the University of Michigan and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Meteorology and Oceanography in 1969.
Hurricane: Terminology used for the Tropical Cyclones, with associated wind force above 64 knots, which occur in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Mexican Golf and in the East Pacific Ocean, North of the equator, in the west coast of Mexico.
El Niño : warming of ocean waters in the eastern tropical pacific, resulting in warmer waters off the coasts of Ecuador and northern Peru.
Sea fogs are always advection fogs, because the oceans don't radiate heat in the same way as land and so never cool sufficiently to produce radiation fog.
An anomalous warming of ocean water off the west coast of South America, usually accompanied by heavy rainfall in the coastal region of Peru and Chile.
Tsunami - A Japanese term for an unusually large ocean wave caused by undersea earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption. Only a few inches high in the open ocean, tsunamis steepen and rise in shallow water and can reach heights of 200 feet.
Drifting buoy Floating (or drifting on ice) ocean buoy equipped with meteorological and/or oceanographic sensing instruments linked to transmitting equipment for sending the observed data to collecting centers.
Maritime air mass An air mass that originates over the ocean. These air masses are relatively humid.
Maritime polar air Cool, humid air mass that forms over the cold ocean waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic.
Arctic (A) Air Mass - A bitterly cold air mass that forms over the frozen Arctic Ocean.
Arctic Sea Smoke - A dense and often extensive steam fog occurring over high-latitude ocean areas in winter.
Arid - See Desert.
California current The ocean current that flows southward along the west coast of the United States from about Washington to Baja California.
Cap cloud See Pileus cloud.
Forms over a tropical ocean.
Center of storm is warmer than the surrounding air.
Has no fronts.
Strongest winds are near the Earth's surface. ...
El Niño - Spanish for little boy. A change in the Pacific ocean current causing warm water to surface near South America. It usually occurs 2 or 3 times per decade and typically starts around Christmas time, henceforth its name.
Synoptic Track: Weather reconnaissance mission flown to provide vital meteorological information in data sparse ocean areas as a supplement to existing surface, radar, and satellite data.
El Niño- An event that occurs every two to seven years in the Pacific Ocean, during which winds shift and push warm surface water towards the coast of south America; it can cause dramatic climate changes.
SST - Sea Surface Temperature. The temperature of the near surface ocean water.
Stability - Possessing the ability to return to its original position; suppresses convection.
The name for a tropical storm originating in the Pacific Ocean, usually the China Sea
U
Ultra-violet Radiation ...
Last update 6 June 1996 Edward J. Hopkins, Ph.D. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison hopkins@meteor.wisc.edu ...
GOES-8 - One of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites. They are owned and run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), while NASA designs and launches them.
 See also: Surface, Water, Weather, Air, Temperature
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