Penumbra
In solar-terrestrial terms, the sunspot area that may surround the darker umbra or umbrae. It consists of linear bright and dark elements radial from the sunspot umbra.
Perched Groundwater ...
Penumbra Outer, lighter area of a sunspot.
Perihelion The time of the year when the Earth's orbital path brings it closest to the sun (about 3 January).
Persistence Tendency for weather episodes to continue for some period of time.
Delta: A complex magnetic configuration of a solar sunspot group consisting of opposite polarity umbrae within the same penumbra.
UmbraIn solar-terrestrial terms, the dark core or cores (umbrae) in a sunspot with penumbra, or a sunspot lacking penumbra.UndercurrentIn hydrologic terms, a current below the upper currents or surface of a fluid body.
A: A small single unipolar sunspot or very small group of spots without penumbra.
B: Bipolar sunspot group with no penumbra.
C: An elongated bipolar sunspot group. One sunspot must have penumbra.
Penumbra: Lighter protion of "Sunspots" with temperatures about 5,400 degs. Kelvin.
Perihelion: The time of the year when the Earth is closest to the Sun, (About Jan. 4).
sunspot A relatively dark, sharply defined region on the solar disk, marked by an umbra approximately 2000K cooler than the effective photospheric temperature, surrounded by a less dark but also sharply bounded penumbra.
 See also: Degree, Precipitation, Ice Crystals, Earth, Meteor
  
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