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Here, v* is the friction velocity √(τ/ρ), where τ is the shear stress at the v = 0 plane and ρ is the density. k is the von Kármán constant, which has the value of 0.4, approximately.
friction loss"The irrecoverable conversion of flow energy into thermal energy due to shear stress and the generation of turbulent vortices.
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 See also: Meteor, Atmosphere, Water, Wind, Thermal
  
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