Topography

Topography forced lifting by the surface of the earth
Air is also lifted by the earth itself.

Topography: The shape of the land.
Tornado (+FC): A violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground and extending from the base of a thunderstorm.

Topography- Generally, the lay-out of the major natural and man-made physical features of the earth's surface. Bridges, highways, trees, rivers and fields are all components that make up this topography.

The topography as seen by an approaching flow, which may include not only the actual terrain but also cold air masses trapped within or adjacent to the actual topography.
Effluent Seepage ...

maximum-wind topography"(Or max-wind topography.) The topography of the surface of maximum wind speed. The contours of maximum-wind height form one of the sets of lines on an analyzed maximum- wind and shear chart. See maximum-wind level.

carbon density The amount of carbon per unit area for a given ecosystem or vegetation type, based on climatic conditions, topography, vegetative-cover type and amount, soils, and maturity of the vegetative stands.

Carrington LongitudeA system of fixed longitudes rotating with the sunCatalina EddyA Catalina Eddy (coastal eddy) forms when upper level large-scale flow off Point Conception interacts with the complex topography of the Southern California ...

Global Temperature ChangeThe net result of four primary factors including the greenhouse effect, changes in incoming solar radiation, altered patterns of ocean circulations, and changes in continental position, topography and/or vegetation.

Occasionally, intense rain persists for several hours over an area, especially where the topography acts to "anchor" storms. Precisely this happened along the Illawarra escarpment west of Wollongong on 18 February 1984.

Backscatter relates to radar signals being reflected off targets other than precipitation such as aeroplanes, topography (mountains and hills), dust (for example, radars in a desert locatality may suffer from dust echoes), birds and swarms of insects.

National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) A system that directly integrates the effects of fuels, topography, and weather into components that deal with fire occurrence and fire behavior potential.

TOPEX/POSEIDON Ocean Topography Experiment, United States (NASA)/France (CNES). Launched in 1992, the mission carries a radar sensor--called an altimeter--to measure the ocean's surface topography with unprecedented precision.

The accumulating layer of cold air is defined by the local topography and can be everything from a couple of inches to hundreds of feet thick.

The region is significant in meteorology because it is considered the most important energy source region in the entire global circulation system owing to a number of coincident factors, the most significant being geographic location and topography.

Orography - the interaction of topography with meteorology
Ozone - An oxygen molecule with three atoms stuck together.
Ozone layer - a thin protective layer of ozone gas in the stratosphere.

An ice sheet is not confined by the underlying topography but spreads outward in all directions. During the Pleistocene Epoch, ice sheets covered large parts of North America and northern Europe but they are now confined to polar regions (e.g.

NOAA National Weather Service - Cite This Source - This Definition
Browse Related Terms: CAD, Cold Air Avalanche, Cold Air Dam, Cold Air Damming (CAD), Effective Topography, Orographic Precipitation
Effective porosity - permalink - collapse ...

These winds are prevalent in many landscapes with pronounced topography, especially during the daylight hours. Balloonists and pilots of sailplanes often use these winds to maintain or gain altitude.

Katabatic Wind - The flow of cold, dense air downslope under the influence of gravity; the direction of flow is controlled largely by topography.

Even though this term strictly refers only to lifting by mountains, it is sometimes extended to include effects of hills or long sloping topography. When sufficient moisture is present in the rising air, orographic fog or clouds may form.

Whatever is done, surface winds at different stations are probably not comparable for theoretical purposes unless great care is taken. Note that not only buildings, but vegetation and surrounding topography can affect the direction and velocity of ...

that the three of us belong to a very unique group of people to have seen that area and gone in for a swim.
If you look on a topography map of that area of Pennsylvania you will see the lakes marked on the map.

See also: Water, Air, Surface, Atmosphere, Temperature