Proxy data are any material that provides an indirect measure of climate and include documentary evidence of crop yields, harvest dates, glacier movements, tree rings, varves, glaciers and snow lines, insect remains, pollen remains, ...
Paleoclimatology seeks to reconstruct past climates by examining records such as ice cores and tree rings (dendroclimatology). Paleotempestology uses these same records to help determine hurricane frequency over millennia.
The width of a tree ring was determined by the temperature and/or the moisture that prevailed during the year of its formation.
An environmental remnant of the past (pollen grains, tree rings, lake sediments, pack rat middens, ice cores, coral skeletons) that assist researchers in deciphering past climate conditions through the use of scientifically proven dating techniques.
The El Niño event of the 1990s lasted longer than any previous event in the instrumental record; though "proxy" climatic indicators - such as tree rings and coral cores - suggest that events of similar length may have occurred in the past.
 See also: Climatology, Atmosphere, Climate, Parameter, Temperature
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