Cartwheels and the Cartwheel Effect on Coins
From Susan Headley, former About.com Guide
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Cartwheel Twopence
by Matthew Boulton and James Watt
The cartwheel twopence was Britain's largest and heaviest coin. It was made of copper and weighed a full two ounces.
cartwheel: the dazzling, swirling effect reflected when a coin is turned under a light source. The more dazzling the "cartwheel," the more desirable the coin.
Cartwheel (1) Another name for any silver dollar, (2) a term used to describe the coruscating luster often seen on a Blazer Uncirculated coin, (3) England's hefty 1797 copper twopenny coin.
Cartwheel - An effect caused by the natural luster on most mint state, and on some proof coins. When the coin is tilted back and forth, beams of light seem to circle the central devices of the coin.
cartwheel The pleasing effect seen on some coins when they are rotated in a good light source. The luster rotates around like the spokes of a wagon wheel.
cartwheel: a visual effect where the coin's luster appears to spin in a radiating fashion. Considered desirable.
circulated: coins with wear that have been handled, in any condition ...
Cartwheel
A term used to describe the coruscating LUSTER often seen on un-circulated white / brilliant coinage.
Cast
Made by pouring molten metal directly into a mold. It is an older method used in counterfeiting coins.
Cartwheel Effect - The effect a highly lusterous coin has when rotated in a circular motion
Cast Counterfeit - A counterfeit coin that is made in a cast vs a counterfeit that was struck from dies.
cartwheel or cart wheel
- Nickname for a US Silver Dollar or large silver dollar like coin.
Cartwheel - The pattern of light reflected by flow lines of mint state coins, resembling spokes of a wheel; Name given to the British pennies and twopences of 1797 due to their unusually broad rims.
cartwheel
The effect seen on some coins when they are rotated giving the viewer an impression the luster is rotating around like a wheel.
cast blanks ...
Cartwheel - A name for the large British Penny and Twopenny struck in Birmingham and dated 1797. So called due to the large rim around the edge and the resemblance to a Cartwheel. Shown in Illustration 2, top of page.
CARTWHEEL LUSTRE
When a coin is twisted around in proper lighting, the lustre appears to rotate as the spokes of a turning wheel (hence cartwheel). Phony coins that have been cast will not display this effect.
CAST COINS ...
Cartwheel - A slang name for the copper coinage of 1797. The Soho Mint issued one and two penny coins which weighed one and two ounces respectively (28.35 and 56.7 grams). It was the only time a government tried to give value for money.
Cartwheel
British twopence and penny copper coinage of 1797 struck at the Soho Mint. Their size and weight made them unpopular with the public.
Casey's Cartwheel ...
Cartwheel - A two-penny coin issued in England in 1797 by George lll, and bearing his likeness.
Cartwheel
A phenomenon witnessed on a few coins when placed under a strong light, where the luster revolves like spokes of an imaginary wagon wheel. The term often used in conjunction with silver dollars.
CC ...
To observe the cartwheel effect, hold a newly minted coin with the obverse side up and tilt the coin at various angles to the light.
Almost no "cartwheel" effect is seen on coins with this type of luster. scratch A detracting line that is more severe than a hairline.
brilliant finish: A coin finish characterized by angled reflective surfaces producing a cartwheel effect
brown: A copper coin practically devoid of any original mint brilliance
bullion value: The base metal value of a coin ...
cartwheels A name given to British pennies and later to Morgan Dollars because of their wide rims. certified coins/certified banknotes A name given to coins or paper money graded by a third party authentification and grading company.
Canadian Post confederation Canadian numismatics cameo A coin, usually struck as a Proof, with a frosted or satiny central device surrounded by a mirrorlike field cartwheel - The pattern of light reflected by flow lines of mint state ...
cartwheels like the Morgan and Peace dollars. Its authorized fineness differs, too, but its actual fineness doesn't, because of some curious doings at the Mint.
Matthew Boulton's contract in 1797 to produce the Cartwheel pennies and twopences, thwarting the counterfeiters, did not extend to producing the farthing, ...
Proclamation 1797 Cartwheel Penny
In my previous entry about Australian proclamation coins I mentioned the 1797 cartwheel penny of Great Britain which was valued at 2d in the proclamation.
Intense cartwheel lustre on bright honey gold surfaces. The fields are somewhat prooflike and the motifs satiny. A notable rarity from the Carson City Mint, one of 21,198 examples of the date struck.
Mint state coins often show a cartwheel effect produced by microscopic flow lines on the coin's surface, such as seen on this 1881-S PCGS MS66 Morgan dollar.
But the Carson City silver dollars seem to be particularly popular with collectors, as the silver dollar or 'Cartwheel' is synonymous with the huge Comstock Lode silver strikes of the late 1800's.
A pattern of 1798 is known in 'cartwheel' style.
In 1816 the great British Recoinage started, and initially production was only of gold and silver.
cartwheel) in the fields. There will be full mirror surfaces even in the protected areas of the field, such as between the vertical lines of the shield, in the case of Seated Liberty coinage.
Produced under contract to the Crown by Matthew Boulton's Soho Mint, these huge "cartwheel" pennies were the first British coins struck on steam-powered presses.
The Morgan Dollar, also known as the cartwheel, is probably second only to Lincoln cents in its collector popularity. Everyone has a silver dollar! ...
Luster: or the brilliance, cartwheel, sheen and contrast of the coin. Again, each issue's characteristics are considered. Evidence of cleaning, retoning or friction is also examined.
Yet, Anna Williams of the earlier cartwheel looks much older than Teresa Cafarelli. (Cafarelli was the wife of Anthony di Francisci, the designer of the coin. Di Francisci also created the Maine Commemorative.) ...
Cameo - Devices in relief or embossed. Cartwheel - large coin, generally of silver dollar size or larger.
Brilliant
Untoned. With no tarnish or oxidation, and with original cartwheel (frosty) or prooflike lustre. Copper coins are considered brilliant if they have full original red.
Fine, silky luster seen on many business strike coins, especially copper and nickel issues. Almost no 'cartwheel' effect is seen on coins with this type of luster.
scratch ...
Morgan Dollar or "Cartwheel"
Peace Silver Dollar
Eisenhower Dollar
Susan B. Anthony or "Carter Quarter"
Liberty Head Quarter Eagle
Indian Head Quarter Eagle
Liberty Head "Coronet" Half Eagle
Indian Head Half Eagle ...
In 1797 George III contracted Matthew Boulton of the Soho mint in Birmingham to produce large two pence and penny coins known as "cartwheels," because of their wide extruding rim.
In 1797 Matthew Boulton was contracted for a coinage of copper including the "cartwheel" two pence (two ounces of copper), a similar penny (41mm; one ounce) and, in 1799, a proportionate half-penny.
 See also: Coin, Mint, Struck, Dollar, Half
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