Counterstamps on Maria Theresa Talers can be classified into several groups.
Counterstamps over a very very worn halfpenny?
Type:
War of Independence/Oaxaca. 1813 Sud ...
The counterstamps form a type of privy mark, however, we cannot come to any conclusion as to the purpose.
Among my favorite counterstamps are early United States cents of the 1830s and 1840s punched with the bold inscription VOTE THE LAND FREE.
I feel it was an important step by the RAM to define mintmarks, privy marks, and counterstamps and to give them a distinct role in coin production as I agree with you that it was getting confusing to differentiate between coins.
This example has incuse counterstamps on the obverse with T S above and B S below, on the reverse is the incuse counterstamp (struck upside down) HT. These counterstamps do not apear in Rulau, Standard Catalog of United Sates Tokens.
" A few counterstamps are known from this period - OIL OF ICE and PARISIAN VARIETIES, 16.ST. & B'WAY N.Y. - are typical, but it is the end of the era for them; advertising counterstamps are almost totally absent after 1900.
Counterstamps were frequently used as advertising gimmicks on Large Cents and other coins. The counterstamp leaves a permanent impression on the metal and may hurt the value of the coin.
Counterstamped - A stamp signifying a special event that is struck into the coin after the coin has been produced. These are always post mint counterstamps. Some have significant historical significance and can positively affect the value.
The magnifications at the right show the counterstamps - a snake, fleur?, dots and a crescent.
Type:
Lydia/Persian Kings/Xerxes. ca. 450-330BC Siglos ...
Aegina, 525-500 BC. AR Stater, 12.3 grams. Obv: Sea turtle, two uncertain counterstamps. Rx: "Union Jack", eight part divided punch, 5 incuse and 3 raised sections.
TextImage
SNGDel_1513 ...
Foremost amongst them are the coins counterstamped for Jamaica (Nos. 1 and 2) where four different counterstamps were used. No cut coins were necessary on this island as ample supplies of small change were available from Britain.
Countermark - Sometimes called counterstamp is a stamp or mark impressed on a coin to verify its use by another government, Counterstamps are used to indicate revaluation.
Some of them have oriental chopmarks which were counterstamps from the orient. Many trade dollar coins of the western powers and of the large silver coins from China, Korea, and Japan have these chopmarks.
 See also: Counterstamp, Coin, Struck, Revers, Marks
  
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