Ball and socket
Rotating mount used to connect a camera to a tripod, consisting of a large ball joint designed to move in a cup.
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-Ball and socket - swiveling mount used to attach a camera to a tripod, consisting of a large ball joint designed to move in a cup.
-Ballistic photography - photography of weapons, ammunition and projectiles usually used for analysis.
The ballhead utilises a ball and socket joint to allow movement in different dimensions. The camera is attached to a clamp that comes off the ball, and the socket has a slot in one side to allow the camera to be rotated to the portrait orientation.
Heads tend to come in two categories - the pan and tilt heads and the ball and socket heads. Both have advantages and disadvantages. The pan and tilt heads move up and down, left to right.
You need an aluminium or carbon fibre tripod from a manufacturer like Giottos, Manfrotto or Gitzo (I use Giottos) with a good quality ball and socket head. Otherwise, your photos won't be sharp and your efforts will be wasted.
 See also: Camera, Tripod, Light, Exposure, Shutter
  
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