Bitumen is obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil. Bitumen being the heaviest and being the fraction with the highest boiling point, it appears as the bottommost fraction.
-Bitumen - hydro-carbon which hardens by the action of light. It was used by Joseph Nicephore Niepce to produce the worlds first photograph in the early 19th century.
The oil dissolved the soft, unexposed bitumen, revealing the metallic pewter underneath. He then bathed the plate in strong acid, which pitted and darkened the exposed pewter. After drying, Niepce then chipped off the remaining hard asphalt.
Gilsonite®
trademark of a natural black bitumen sometimes used in the formulation of black printing ink.
glacial acetic acid
a chemical used in fixing baths and in stock hardener solution that is 99.8% pure.
Heliography
An early photographic process invented by Niepce, employing a polished pewter plate coated with bitumen of Judea.
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The first permanent image photograph was taken in 1826 on a pewter plate by Nicéphore Niépce. No one knows quite how he did it, but an educated guess is that he coated the plate with bitumen, a light-sensitive petroleum product, ...
The first photograph was an image produced in the year eighteen twenty-six by the French inventor Nicephore Niepce on a polished pewter plate covered with a petroleum derivative called bitumen of Judea.
 See also: Light, Photograph, Plate, Image, Camera
  
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