-Built-in meter - reflective light meter built directly into the camera so that exposures can be easily made for the cameras position.
-Bulb - See B.
A camera with built-in meter can do this calculation for you. Professional photographers most typically use an exposure mode called "aperture-priority autoexposure". The photographer picks the aperture and the camera picks the shutter speed.
INTRODUCTION AND BUILT-IN METERS
How to use a digital camera as an excellent light meter ...
Most SLR cameras have built-in meters which measure light after it has passed through the lens, a feature that enables exposure readings to be taken from the actual image about to be recorded on film, ...
You take a reading of a gray card using either your camera's built-in meter or a hand-held. While metering, just make sure the card is tilted so that the light that falls on it is similar to the light that is falling on your subject.
Many modern consumer still and video cameras include a built-in meter that measures a scene-wide light level and are able to make an approximate measure of appropriate exposure based on that.
If you use your camera's built-in meter, you will usually be way off because the sky is still relatively bright, and the meter will underexpose the image.
Automatic Exposure Camera: A camera with a built-in metering system the automatically adjusts the lens opening (aperture), shutter speed, or both for proper exposure.
Sure, everyone can get a half decent shot about half of the time by relying on the built-in meter and auto-exposure system, but the results will be disappointing as often as not.
The truth is that while most built-in meters are fabulously accurate, they can be fooled. Fortunately, there are ways to wrestle difficult subjects into submission, provided you can recognize a difficult situation.
Sometimes, even the best built-in meter falls short, however. In such challenging lighting conditions, a handheld spot meter provides the precision and control a photographer needs to achieve the best image possible.
Since most meters these days include a flash function that's not as bad as you might think, but because most cameras have built-in meters you may not own a separate meter. Welcome to the world of studio lighting! ...
A camera's built-in light meter can easily be tricked into giving an incorrect exposure. The most common problem is a bright background behind the subject such as a bright sky, or bright light reflecting off snow, sand or water. Built-in meters often ...
Separate meters can sometimes measure the light falling on the subject (incident reading) as well as the light reflected by it (reflected reading) ; built-in meters measure only reflected light.
* Turn off your flash unless you have a very good reason to use it.
* Use a fast ISO - we suggest ISO 800.
* Avoid camera shake.
* Use a tripod...or, at least, brace the camera. Trust your camera's built-in meter.
Green grass, blue sky, tree trunks for example are all middletone. Your camera meter should give proper exposure when photographing a middletone subject, otherwise you must compensate. This is true regardless of the type of camera or built-in meter ...
 See also: Camera, Meter, Photograph, Exposure, Light
  
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