Calotype or talbotype is an early photographic process introduced in 1841 by Henry Fox Talbot, using paper coated with silver iodide. The term calotype comes from the Greek κά"ο for 'good', and "ύπος for 'impression'.
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Calotype process
Invented by W.H. Fox Talbot in 1839. Paper was coated with silver iodide and a solution of silver nitrate and gallic acid. Following exposure the paper was developed in a silver nitrate solution.
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Calotype was the name given to the first practical negative-positive process of photography.
Calotype process - first negative/positive process, invented by W.H. Fox Talbot in 1839. Paper was coated with silver iodide and a solution of silver nitrate and gallic acid. After exposure the paper was developed in a silver nitrate solution.
This is a Calotype depicting a Calotype camera in use. Taken in 1845.
This is a Calotype from 1846. Note how the 'detail' is quite soft and looks rather like a sketch or painting.
Daguerreotype and Calotype Cameras
In 1829, Niepce partnered up with Louis Daguerre. After Niepce's death in 1833, Daguerre continued the research he and Niepce had begun.
1841: Talbot patents his process under the name "calotype".
1851: Frederick Scott Archer, a sculptor in London, ...
Although most of the early work on the Sabatier effect was done using collodion plates, at least one person noticed the effect with the old waxed paper Calotype process.
This first paper negative process was actually created by William Talbot back in the 1830's and was dubbed the calotype.
The book consisted of prints from paper negatives known as calotypes. Soon the camera was being taken to all manner of exciting, exotic places and bringing back extraordinary views that changed the way the well-informed citizen perceived the world.
So too, the brown-and-white albumen print, the muted tones of the calotype and even the murky image of tintypes.
This led to the growing need of finding a way to copy pictures and finally led to the invention of the Calotype process by William Henry Fox Talbot.
It used "sheets of calotype paper gummed together and wound on rollers" [Coe]. In 1875 L. Warnecke got a patent on his "roller slide" for a more successful rollfilm variant, a paper roll with light sensitive dry collodion surface for 100 exposures.
-Wet collodion is a much improved calotype developed by Frederick Scott Archer. A sensitized glass plate was dipped into a bath of silver nitrate and exposed while still wet. The improved speed made much shorter exposures possible.
 See also: Photograph, Photography, Exposure, Image, Photographer
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