Fill Factor: Gaps between pixels decrease the light-gathering ability of a sensor. Microlenses fill in those voids to increase coverage and further improve signal.
The size of the pixel location and the fill factor determine the size of the photodiode and this has a big impact on the dynamic range.
The advantage is not free, however, as the imaging area is now covered by opaque strips dropping the fill factor to approximately 50% and the effective quantum efficiency by an equivalent amount.
 See also: Fill, Factor, Camera, Pixel, Sensor
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