Front curtain synchronization
Is when the flash fires an instant after the front curtain of a focal plane shutter has completed its travel across the film plane.
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Front Curtain Sync
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Front Curtain Sync Edit
Generally, the flash sync fires at the instant the front curtain has fully opened. This is called front curtain sync, and it is used where it is desired that the flash freeze motion at the beginning of the exposure.
Front curtain sync(top) fires the flash at the beginning of the exposure, then records ambient light. As a result, light streaks from the moving subject appear in front of it.
If you're using a fast shutter speed there often isn't too much difference between rear curtain sync and front curtain sync. But with this technique, the shutter is open long enough for it to change the effect.
As the movement will be blurred before the flash freezes the subject it appears with a trail behind it. Use normal front curtain sync and the trail will appear unnaturally in front of the subject, making it look as though it is moving backwards.
 See also: Shutter, Flash, Speed, Light, Photograph
  
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