Incident meter
A hand-held Exposure meter that measures the intensity of light falling on the subject. To use it, you usually aim the hemispheric dome toward the camera. Most incident meter can also be used in a mode to measure reflected light.
Incident meters measure the light falling on the subject and are not affected by the subject lightness or darkness, or its color. Black is recorded as black, and white records as white.
You can use an incident meter (one with a white dome held in the same light as the subject and pointed back at the light) and not worry about subject lightness.
See also Exposure.
3.) MECHANICAL SHUTTERS ...
Reflective and incident metering.
Spot metering.
In-camera light meters.
What do light meters measure?
Different methods of metering.
ISO and exposure compensation control.
The 18% grey card and its uses.
Film and CMOS and CCD chip dynamic range.
Incident meters are most effective when the light source is shinning on you subject from nearly straight in front of your subject and not from the side.
The first is to measure the light falling on the subject that you intend to photograph: incident metering. The second is to measure the light coming off the subject in the direction of the camera lens: reflected metering.
Shooting in controlled situations, where you can light the scene and use an external incident meter based on the exposure tests described and perhaps bracketing, may better lend itself to the ETTR technique.
Had I been using an exposure meter, I would have taken an incident meter reading with the reflector in place, pointing the meter towards the camera. As it was, all I had to to was to do a test shot on my D30 and go from there.
Although this method is more accurate by ignoring reflective errors, incident metering can only happen if a photographer can get up close to his subject.
Why get a dedicated flash meter when you can use a multi-function meter such as Sekonic's L-758DR (right)? With a turn of a knob the L-758DR changes from an incident meter to a reflective spot meter for both ambient and flash measurements, ...
I discovered that my hand is 1.5 stops brighter than middle gray. Very "handy" for incident metering (and very white too).
Exposure Meter, Light Meter see Incident Meter, Reflected Meter, and Spot Meter ...
Thisreads light falling on the subject, or incident light. Thedome reads light gathered from an area covering 180º. And the way we use incident metering is, we hold the meter at the subject position and point the dome at the camera.
By placing a gray card in the scene to be photographed and taking a reading from it with a reflected light meter, the photographer can be assured of consistent exposures across their photographs. This technique is similar to using an incident meter, ...
The recommended ISO film speeds or exposure indices of copy films apply directly when an incident meter is used or when a reflected meter reading is taken of an 18 percent gray card at the copyboard.
 See also: Exposure, Meter, Camera, Photograph, Light
  
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