Local control - method of controlling the final quality of a print by increasing or decreasing the exposure given to localized areas of the print by selective masking.
If you're shooting a shallow reef with lots of reflecting sand, the f-stop difference may be very slight. In this case, you should expose for the highlights (topside) and let the underwater portion record slightly dark. Local controls in Photoshop ...
 See also: Composition, Depth of field, Element, Horizon, Balance
  
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