Electron microscope image of real microlenses
This article is written by Vincent Bockaert,
author of The 123 of digital imaging Interactive Learning Suite
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Microlenses
Microlenses are commonly mounted onto the tops of the light-gathering portion of pixels (a.k.a. photon).
For this an array of microlenses is placed at the focal plane of the camera main lens. The image sensor is positioned slightly behind the microlenses.
As shown in the illustration (Fig. 2) of the image sensor cross-section, the sensor surface is equipped with microlenses, with a small gap between them.
According to Westfall, CMOS improvements from the top down include larger microlenses positioned above each photodiode and closer to the sensor surface to improve light-gathering efficiency; improved Bayer filters with higher transmittance; ...
The bottom layer contains the photosites. Above them is a layer of colored filters that determines which color each site records. Finally, the top layer contains microlenses that gather light. Courtesy of Fujifilm.
 See also: Lenses, Image, Camera, Light, Sensor
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