Reflected-light meter. An exposure meter (hand held or built into the camera) that reads the amount of light reflected from the subject. See also Incident-light meter.
For reflected-light meters, camera settings are related to ISO speed and subject luminance by the reflected-light exposure equation:
where ...
A useful exposure tweak When using the substitution method, you replace an object within the scene with an object of known reflectance, such as a Kodak Gray Card and take a reflected-light meter reading from this ...
When you take the reflected-light meter reading from the white card, just the opposite occurs. In your final picture, the white card reproduces as middle gray, and the gray and black cards reproduce as black.
Light metering
Method of exposure metering by measuring the amount of light reaching an object. (reflected-light metering, Digital ESP/selective multi-spot metering, centre-weighted average metering, spot metering) ...
The gray side reflects precisely 18% of the white light that strikes it (corresponding to the calibration of a reflected-light meter). It is uniformly white on the other side, which reflects 90% of the light.
 See also: Light meter, Meter, Photography, Light, Photograph
  
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