Sulci: Groove or furrow on the surface of the brain.
Surfactant: Phospholipid present in the lungs. Controls surface tension of lungs. Premature babies often lack sufficient amounts of surfactant to breathe without assistance.
If you were to measure along these structures, you would mark real estate along the bulges and into the valleys (called "sulci") between them.
It is during the second trimester (around 20 weeks) that the sulci begin developing, and they significantly deepen after 28 weeks.
At 13 weeks gestation, the fetal cortex is smooth, without gyri or sulci. By 26 weeks, there is development of the central and lateral sulcus, and a rudimentary insula, with full sulcus formation by 30 weeks.
 See also: Newborn, Trimester, Fetus, Gestation, Pregnancy
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